Nilothauma

Key to males of the genus Nilothauma in the world

[Data compiled from Adam & Saether (1999), Yan et al. (2005), Mendes & Andersen (2009) and this study.]

1. Tergite IX without dorsal projection....................................................................... 2

- Tergite IX with one or two dorsal projections................................................................ 8

2. Anal point absent...................................................................................... 3

- Anal point present. Brazil .............................................. N. aripuanense Mendes & Andersen, 2009

3. Inferior volsella simple................................................................................. 4

- Inferior volsella with subapical branch. Brazil ............................. N. complicatum Mendes & Andersen, 2009

4. Superior volsella pediform or subquadrangular, without ventral transverse fold, with setae and microtrichia.............. 5

- Superior volsella diamond-shaped, with ventral transverse fold, with microtrichia only............................... 7

5. Superior volsella subquadrangular; median vosella distinct; AR> 1.00; abdomen with oral dark bands. Brazil ............................................................................... N. longissimum Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Superior volsella pediform; median and superior volsellae fused; AR <0.40; abdomen without dark bands............... 6

6. R1 with setae; gonostylus nearly parallel-sided in apical 1/2. Brazil, Ecuador ................... N. fittkaui (Soponis, 1987)

- R1 bare; gonostylus widest in apical 1/3. Brazil ........................................... N. reissi (Soponis, 1987)

7. Apex of superior volsella projecting caudad. Brazil ......................... N. sooretamense Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Apex of superior volsella projecting mesad. Brazil .......................... N. involucrum Mendes & Andersen, 2009

8. Anal point lacking or rudimentary........................................................................9

- Anal point present....................................................................................13

9. Dorsal projections of tergite IX in different shapes. Ghana .......................... N. insolitum Adam & Saether, 1999

- Dorsal projections of tergite IX in the same shape...........................................................10

10. Median volsella fused with superior volsella; superior volsella broadly pediform. Brazil .................................................................................................. N. fazzariense Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Median volsella distinct and separated from superior volsella; superior volsella digitate, curved, with or without lateral spine.................................................................................................... 11

11. Dorsal projections of tergite IX overreaching posterior margin of tergite. Brazil ....... N. roquei Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Dorsal projections of tergite IX not extended beyond posterior margin of tergite................................... 12

12. Superior volsella with lateral spine; laterosternite IX with thorn; inferior volsella with simple stout setae; posterior margin of tergite IX broadly rounded. Brazil ............................................ N. calori Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Superior volsella without lateral spine; laterosternite IX without thorn; inferior volsella with some apically split setae; poste- rior margin of tergite IX subrectangular. Costa Rica .......................... .. N. strebulosum (Adam & Saether, 2000)

13. Tergite IX with one dorsal projection..................................................................... 14

- Tergite IX with two dorsal projections.................................................................... 20

14. Superior volsella without microtrichia....................................................................15

- Superior volsella covered with microtrichia................................................................ 18

15. Dorsal projection weakly developed and undivided; situated posteriorly on tergite IX, close to base of anal point. China, Japan, Thailand ...................................................................... N. japonicum Niitsuma, 1985

- Dorsal projection well developed, divided or undivided, situated anteriorly on tergite IX, distant from base of anal point... 16

16. Dorsal projection 3–pronged at apex, without setae. Ghana ........................... N. fuscina Adam & Saether, 1999

- Dorsal projection bell-shaped, with many setae.............................................................. 17

17. Superior volsella with single apical seta; anal point narrow. Brazil ............ N. matogrossense Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Superior volsella with one dorsolateral and one apical spine-like seta; anal point broad. Ghana .................................................................................................. N. duminola Adam & Saether, 1999

18 Anal point tapering or slightly widened medially but not spatulate; median volsella a digitiform process at least twice as long as wide with 3 or occasionally 2 apical setae. Nearctic.................................... N. babiyi (Rempel, 1937)

- Anal point spatulate; median volsella consisting of 2 setae on separate or fused tubercles............................ 19

19. Dorsal projection small, with setae at apex only. Nearctic.......................... N. verrucum Adam & Saether, 1999

- Dorsal projection extending over most of tergite IX. Australia ...................... N. adunatum Adam & Saether, 1999

20. Dorsal projections of tergite IX in the same shape........................................................... 21

- Dorsal projections of tergite IX in different shapes.......................................................... 24

21. Anal point short, digitiform, with microtrichia in basal 1/2; gonostylus distinctly widened in apical 1/3. Brazil ...................................................................................... N. zitoi Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Anal point well developed, lanceolate or parallel-sided; gonostylus nearly parallel-sided in apical 1/2................. 22

22. Anal point parallel-sided; laterosternite IX with thorn. Chile ........................ N. spiesi Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Anal point lanceolate; laterosternite IX without thorn........................................................ 23

23. Inferior volsella and gonostylus with apically split setae; median volsella curved, tapering, with microtrichia and setae. Brazil ................................................................... N. jaraguaense Mendes & Andersen, 2009

- Inferior volsella and gonostylus with simple setae only; median volsella short, parallel-sided, with 2 apical setae, without microtrichia. Brazil ................................................... N. amazonense Mendes & Andersen, 2009

24. Wing with dark areas or bands; anterior tergite IX projection long and deeply divided..............................25

- Wing without dark markings; anterior tergite IX projection variably developed....................................32

25. Anterior tergite IX projection with setae not concentrated around apex. South Africa ...... N. harrisoni Adam & Saether, 1999

- Anterior tergite IX projection with apical setae only......................................................... 26

26. Posterior tergite IX projection deeply divided into antero-dorsal and postero-ventral parts........................... 27

- Posterior tergite IX projection not as above................................................................ 29

27. Anterior tergite IX projection with apical setae simple, separate; anterior part of posterior projection apically pointed; postero- median wing spot extends on both sides of Cu1. Afrotropical.............................. N. pictipenne Kieffer, 1921

- Anterior tergite IX projection with setae forming fan-like structures; anterior part of posterior projection with blunt apex; pos- tero-median wing spot exclusively proximal of Cu1..........................................................28

28. Wing with 4 dark areas; setae of anterior tergite IX projection branched at tip. Ghana ... N. flabellatum Adam & Saether, 1999

- Wing with 3 dark areas; apical setae of anterior tergite IX projection not branched, lamellar. Ghana ............................................................................................ N. kakumense Adam & Saether, 1999

29. Posterior tergite IX projection either with a disto-dorsal lobe or subapical constriction.............................. 30

- Posterior tergite IX projection without an distal lobe or constriction............................................. 31

30. Posterior tergite IX projection with long antero-lateral arms and a disto-dorsal lobe. Tanzania .................................................................................................. N. anderseni Adam & Saether, 1999

- Posterior tergite IX projection without antero-lateral arms, with apical constriction and 5 apical setae. Zimbabwe ................................................................................ N. latocaudatum Adam & Saether, 1999

31. Posterior tergite IX projection without microtrichia except on long antero-lateral arms; superior volsella without antero-median extension; median volsella present. China, Japan ..................................... N. nojirimaculatum Sasa, 1991

- Posterior tergite IX projection without anterolateral arms, covered with microtrichia; superior volsella with an antero-median extension; median volsella apparently absent. Japan ................................... N. hibaraquartum Sasa, 1993

32. Anterior tergite IX projection with apically plumose setae; anal point broadly lanceolate............................ 33

- Apical setae of anterior tergite IX projection not plumose; anal point not broadly lanceolate, but sometimes spatulate..... 39

33. Anterior tergite IX projection completely divided, broader than long............................................ 34

- Anterior tergite IX projection at most partly divided, longer than broad.......................................... 36

34. Superior volsella slender, without microtrichia. Nearctic.................................. N. mirabile (Townes, 1945)

- Superior volsella pad-like, covered with microtrichia........................................................ 35

35. Presence of microtrichia on the anal point; median volsella curved, rounded at apex, with 2 long basal setae and 1 long median seta. Oriental China ........................................................................ N. pandum sp.n.

- Absence of microtrichia on the anal point; median volsella bifid, each branch with one apical seta, one branch with one addi- tional lateral seta. Japan, Europe................................................... .. N. hibaratertium Sasa, 1993

36. Superior volsella simple, covered with microtrichia. Japan ............................. N. sasai Adam & Saether, 1999

- Superior volsella bifid or trifid, microtrichiose areas at most of limited extent..................................... 37

37. Superior volsella bifid, both branches with at least one terminal seta; anterior tergite IX projection with 11–14 setae. Thailand .......................................................................... N. mergae Adam & Saether, 1999

- One lateral branch of superior volsella sharply pointed without an apical seta; anterior tergite IX ptojection with about 15 or about 33 setae....................................................................................... 38

38. Anterior tergite IX projection with about 33 setae; superior volsella apically narrow and parallel-sided with 1–2 apical setae. Oriental China ................................................................. N. acre Adam & Saether, 1999

- Anterior tergite IX projection with about 15 setae; superior volsella broadened apically with one long laterally directed seta and 8–10 short setae. Nearctic....................................................... N. bicorne (Townes, 1945)

39. Anal point trifid; anterior tergite IX projection very long, tapering to patallel-sided apex, with setae only apically; posterior tergite IX projection distally very slender, with 5 apical setae. D. R. Congo, Ghana N. burmeisteri Adam & Saether, 1999

- Anal point simple; anterior tergite IX projection wart-like, with setae not concentrated around apex; posterior tergite IX projec- tion triangular or apically rounded....................................................................... 40

40. Posterior tergite IX projection apically rounded; superior volsella with four lobes. Oriental China ........................................................................................... N. quatuorlobum Yan, Tang & Wang, 2005

- Posterior tergite IX projection triangular; superior volsella without lobe.......................................... 41

41. Anal point patallel-sided; anterior tergite IX projection with setae thickened at apices. Ghana .................................................................................................. N. ankasense Adam & Saether, 1999

- Anal point spatulate; anterior tergite IX projection with setae not thickened at apices............................... 42

42. Superior volsella tapering, widest near base. Europe................................... N. brayi (Goetghebuer, 1921)

- Superior volsella narrowest at base, widest about 1/3 from apex. Australia ............. N. infissum Adam & Saether, 1999