Key to species of Euphranta Loew recorded from India

Species groups follow those named and defined by Hancock and Drew (2004) except that the signatifacies group is renamed the klugii group, the two specific names being synonymous (David et al., 2013).

1. Thorax with 3 anepisternal setae, one medial and two posterior; wing largely dark in apical half with broad hyaline indentations and no dark transverse bands [zeylanica group: a similar species from Sri Lanka, E. zeylanica (Senior-White), lacks the broad subapical hyaline indentation in cell r 1]..................................................................... 2

- Thorax with 2 anepisternal setae, the medial seta absent; wing variably patterned................................... 3

2. Wing with apical dark area connected to pterostigma, the hyaline indentation at apex of stigma in cell r 1 extending only to vein R 4+5; oviscape almost as long as abdomen (David et al., 2013: fig. 72)...................... E. notabilis (van der Wulp)

- Wing with apical dark area separated from pterostigma, the hyaline indentation at apex of stigma in cell r 1 extending to posterior margin; oviscape almost as long as abdominal tergites 3–6 (Figs 4–5)....................................................................................................... E. flavothoracica David, Hancock & Sachin, sp.n.

3. Wing with 2 prominent dark transverse bands from stigma, one basally and one apically (Figs 25, 35).................. 4

- Wing without 2 prominent dark transverse bands from stigma (Fig. 15), if with an isolated subbasal band then band from stigma interrupted and misaligned along vein R 4+5 ................................................................. 8

4. Wing with a medial hyaline V-shaped marking extending from anterior margin to cell cu 1 that does not reach posterior margin (David et al., 2013: fig. 70) [lemniscata group].......................................... E. lemniscata (Enderlein)

- Wing without a medial hyaline V-shaped marking, the hyaline band from cell r 1 at apex of stigma reaching posterior margin. ................................................................................................... 5

5. Wing with a large apical brown patch with an isolated longitudinal hyaline band in cell r 2+3 (Figs 34–35; David et al., 2013: fig. 56) [klugii (formerly signatifacies) group]................................................ E. klugii (Wiedemann)

- Wing with a complete or interrupted subapical hyaline transverse band, not with an isolated longitudinal hyaline band in cell r 2+3, ................................................................................................ 6

6. Head with 2 frontal setae; face pale and unspotted; wing with subapical hyaline band strongly kinked or interrupted; apical hyaline area large, extending across cell r 4+5 into cells r 2+3 and m; stigma fuscous with a fulvous apical tip (Figs 24–25; David et al., 2013: figs 66–69) [crux group]....................................................... E. crux (Fabricius)

- Head with 3 frontal setae; face with 2 black spots; wing with subapical hyaline band broad and continuous at least from vein R 2+3 to posterior margin; apical hyaline area narrow and confined to cell r 4+5; stigma fulvous with a dark oblique medial band [mikado group]....................................................................................... 7

7. Face with two elongate black marks along antennal foveae; dorsocentral setae vestigial or absent; wing with dark transverse band over crossvein dm-cu quadrate and vertical in cell r 1; apex of aculeus with preapical indentations (David et al., 2013: fig. 7).................................................................................... E. dysoxyli David

- Face with two subtriangular black spots; dorsocentral setae well developed; wing with dark transverse band over crossvein dmcu narrow and oblique in cell r 1; apex of aculeus acute and without preapical indentations (David et al., 2013: fig. 48; 2020: fig. 18).................................................................... E. haldwanica Hancock & Goodger

8. Wing with costal-submarginal band narrow and curved, leaving a hyaline margin in cells r 2+3 and r 4+5, plus a large and isolated dark discal patch covering both crossveins dm-cu and r-m (David et al., 2013: fig. 71) [macularis group].............................................................................................. E. macularis (Wiedemann)

- Wing without a curved costal-submarginal band and isolated dark discal patch covering both crossveins................ 9

9. Wing with 3 transverse dark bands and a dark subapical area, the subbasal band not connected to stigma and the 2 medial bands interrupted at vein R 4+5 and misaligned; face wholly black; scutum and abdomen shiny black (Bezzi, 1913: fig. 35) [toxoneura group]............................................................................... E. nigripeda (Bezzi)

- Wing with transverse dark bands not as above or absent, often largely hyaline or with a single short band from stigma that does not reach posterior margin; face, scutum and abdomen often not wholly black.................................... 10

10. Head with 3 frontal setae; wing with an isolated subbasal black patch below apex of cell c and a V-shaped black band from stigma connected with transverse band over crossvein dm-cu and subapical dark area and leaving a triangulat hyaline indentation in cell r 1 at apex of stigma (David et al., 2020: fig. 7) [camelliae group]........................................................................................................ E. siruvani David, Hancock & Sankararaman

- Head with 2 frontal setae; wing without an isolated subbasal black patch and largely hyaline or with a complete hyaline crossband between dark bands from stigma and over crossvein dm-cu........................................... 11

11. Wing with transverse band from stigma as wide as stigma and band over crossvein dm-cu connected medially with subapical dark area that leaves a large apical hyaline patch (David et al., 2013: fig. 29) [linocierae group]....... E. thandikudi David

- Wing with transverse band from stigma much narrower than stigma or absent and band over crossvein dm-cu isolated or connected anteriorly with a reduced subapical dark area absent from posterior part of cell r 4+5 and from cell m........... 12

12 Wing with a single transverse dark band from stigma that does not reach posterior margin; if confined to cell r 1 then crossvein r-m also infuscated; band over crossvein dm-cu connected anteriorly with a subapical dark area that does not reach vein M [cassiae group]...................................................................................... 13

- Wing without a short transverse dark band from stigma; band over crossvein dm-cu isolated and not connected with subapical dark area........................................................................................... 14

13. All femora yellow, wing predominantly hyaline, wing with transverse band from stigma reduced to cell r 1 only or narrowed to end at or before an infuscated crossvein r-m (Figs 14–15; David et al., 2013: fig. 65)................. E. cassiae (Munro)

- Forefemur with apical one-third black, wing with transverse band from stigma reaching cell dm (David and Singh, 2015: fig. 15)....................................................................... E. pseudocassiae David & Singh

14. Face fulvous; apex of wing broadly dark brown without a hyaline apical spot; subapical band over crossvein dm-cu fading and merging with anterior yellow-fumose area (David et al., 2013: fig. 16) [chrysopila group]............... E. diffusa David

- Face mostly black or brown or with a large black patch; apex of wing with a large apical hyaline spot or wing largely hyaline to subhyaline and not yellow-fumose [ungrouped species].................................................... 15

15. Face fulvous with a large black patch near epistomal margin; wing with a broad and isolated infuscation over crossvein dm-cu, a complete subapical dark band and a broad hyaline apical spot in cell r 4+5 extending into cells r 2+3 and m (David and Singh, 2015: fig. 3)................................................................... E. wrightiae David & Singh

- Face mostly black or brown; wing with band over crossvein dm-cu faint and extending anteriorly to costa, apex broadly hyaline to subhyaline without a dark subapical band or distinct hyaline apical spot (David et al., 2013: fig. 23).......................................................................................... E. hyalipennis David & Freidberg