Factors Associated with Stunting among Children Aged 0 to 59 Months in Harare City, Zimbabwe

Background: Child malnutrition is a major public health problem in Zimbabwe and it has been one of the

leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age in the City of Harare.

Methods: An analytic cross sectional survey was conducted on 342 mothers – child pairs of children aged 0 – 59 months

in Harare’s suburbs between July and August 2014.The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the high

levels of stunting among children age 0 – 59 months. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to establish the risk

factors for U5 years stunting.

Findings: A total of 29.2% of the children were stunted with (19.3% being moderately stunted and 9.9% severely

stunted). More females (32.9%) were stunted compared to (25.9%) males. The main contributing factors for stunting

among the children 0 - 59 months were found to be lack of mother’s education adjusted pOR=0.49 (95%CI: 1.04-3.27);

being unemployed pOR=1.22 (95%CI: 1.08-2.03); residing in high density suburbs pOR=2.14 (95%CI: 1.61-7.55); child

ever being hospitalized pOR=1.04 (95%CI: 1.01-2.14); breastfed after > 1 hour after birth pOR=1.11 (95%CI: 1.09-1.80);

complementary feeds < 6 months pOR=1.30 (95%CI: 1.17-2.21); low birth weight pOR=1.46 (95%CI: 1.29-3.51) and

having a poor dietary diversity pOR=1.07 (95%CI: 1.01-1.84).

Conclusions: Lack of mother’s education is the principal risk factor for stunting among the under five children in Harare

exacerbated by unemployment of either the father or mother or relative, area of residence, feeding practices, birth

weight, illness and infections and household dietary diversity.

Stunting is on the increase in Harare. The findings also revealed a high level of in-equalities in social determinants of

health since stunting is related to socio-economic factors.

Recommendations: Any nutrition intervention has to use strategies that will comprehensively address the social

determinants of health and improve the standard of living of households in the high density areas so as to have a ripple

effect on the nutritional status of U5s