Is it "bad" kids or "bad" places? Where is all the violence originating from? Youth violence in the City of Toronto

Various high profile case studies involving youth violence in the City of Toronto resulted in sentimental public outrage and consequentially evoked an institutionalized and systemic response from the government. This part of the article will examine the meta-narratives of these high profile cases and the problematic nature of their narratives and the role they play in perpetuating a racial hierarchy that normalizes and privileges Whiteness and neoliberal ideologies of pathology and individual deficit amongst minoritized and racialized bodies and spaces. The process of racialization and its implications and consequences are discussed, with particular attention given to critical relationships between race, space, and violence amongst urban environments, specifically the severity of the impact on racialized bodies and communities.