Male hypogonadism – brief review of symptoms, types and ways of treatment

Tywanek Ewa, Trojanowska Paulina, Wronecki Jakub, Wronecki Jakub, Wiśniewska-Ślepaczuk Katarzyna, Robert Łuczyk. Male hypogonadism – brief review of symptoms, types and ways of treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021;11(9):538-543. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.09.070

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2021.11.09.070

https://zenodo.org/record/5529250

The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.

© The Authors 2021;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Received: 15.09.2021. Revised: 20.09.2021. Accepted: 27.09.2021.

Male hypogonadism – brief review of symptoms, types and ways of treatment

Tywanek Ewa, Trojanowska Paulina, Wronecki Jakub, Wronecki Jakub,

Wiśniewska-Ślepaczuk Katarzyna, Robert Jan Łuczyk

1. Tywanek Ewa, ewa.tywanek@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-2311-994X

Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Department of Endocrinology with Department of Nuclear Medicine, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin

1. Trojanowska Paulina, trojanowska_paulina@wp.pl ORCID: 0000-0002-5289-6473,

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, A. Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland

1. Wronecki Jakub, wronecki.jakub@gmail.com ORCID:  0000-0001-8664-7072

Chair and Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;

1. Wiśniewska-Ślepaczuk Katarzyna, katarzyna.wisniewska@onet.pl ORCID: 0000-0002-1525-2871

Diagnostic Techniques Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin,

1. Robert Jan Łuczyk, luczykrobert@op.pl ORCID: 0000-0003-0889-6326, Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Abstract:

Appropriate concentration of androgens is necessary for general men’s health, especially for development and maintain reproductive and sexual function, as well as metabolic balance. The state  of deficiency of testosterone or its inadequate action, as well as inability to produce good quality semen is called hypogonadism. Depending on the function of the testicles, production of androgens and sperm is also conditioned on hypothalamus-pituitary axis, metabolic status and age of the individual. Considering that, hypogonadism of primary, secondary, functional or late-onset origin may be recognised. As it concerns susceptible matter of sexual and reproductive health, it requires special interest of differently clinicians, i.e. endocrinologists, andrologists or urologists.

Key words: hypogonadism; testosterone therapy; Klinefelter Syndrome; metabolic syndrome; obesity