A review of nature-based solutions for resource recovery in cities
Creators
- Kisser, Johannes1
- Wirth, Maria1
- De Gusseme, Bart2
- Van Eekert, Miriam3
- Zeeman, Grietje4
- Schoenborn, Andreas5
- Vinnerås, Björn6
- Finger, David7
- Kolbl, Sabina8
- Griessler Bulc, Tjaša9
- Bani, Aida10
- Pavlova, Dolja11
- Staicu, Lucian12
- Atasoyn, Merve13
- Cetecioglu, Zeynep13
- Kokko, Marika14
- Haznedaroglu, Berat15
- Hansen, Joachim16
- Istenic, Darja9
- Canga, Eriona17
- Malamis, Simos18
- Camilleri-Fenech, Margaret19
- Beesley, Luke20
- 1. alchemia-nova GmbH, Institute for Innovative Phytochemistry & Closed Loop Processes, Vienna, Austria
- 2. FARYS, Production & Transport TMVW, Gent, Belgium and Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- 3. Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands and LeAF BV, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- 4. LeAF BV, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- 5. Institute of Natural Resources Science, Zurich University of Applied Science, Waedenswil, Switzerland
- 6. Department of Energy & Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- 7. School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- 8. Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 9. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 10. Agro-Environmental Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
- 11. Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- 12. Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- 13. Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- 14. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- 15. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
- 16. Chair for Urban Water Management, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- 17. Department of Environment, Faculty of Urban Planning and Environmental Management, POLIS University, Tirana, Albania
- 18. Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece
- 19. Institute for Climate Change and Sustainable Development, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- 20. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
Description
Our modern cities are resource sinks designed on the current linear economic model which recovers very little of the original input. As the current model is not sustainable, a viable solution is to recover and reuse parts of the input. In this context, resource recovery using nature-based solutions (NBS) is gaining popularity worldwide. In this specific review, we focus on NBS as technologies that bring nature into cities and those that are derived from nature, using (micro)organisms as principal agents, provided they enable resource recovery. The findings presented in this work are based on an extensive literature review, as well as on original results of recent innovation projects across Europe. The case studies were collected by participants of the COST Action Circular City, which includes a portfolio of more than 92 projects. The present review article focuses on urban wastewater, industrial wastewater, municipal solid waste and gaseous effluents, the recoverable products (e.g., nutrients, nanoparticles, energy), as well as the implications of source separation and circularity by design. The analysis also includes assessment of the maturity of different technologies (technology readiness level) and the barriers that need to be overcome to accelerate the transition to resilient, self-sustainable cities of the future.
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A review of nature-based solutions for resource recovery in cities.pdf
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