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Published December 22, 2017 | Version v1
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First Report of Heilipus lauri Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Unión Juárez, Chiapas, Mexico

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Vázquez, Miguel A., Cruz-López, Leopoldo, Chamé-Vázquez, Eduardo R. (2017): First Report of Heilipus lauri Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Unión Juárez, Chiapas, Mexico. The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (4): 704-706, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.4.704, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-71.4.704

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Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5378047 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5378049 (DOI)

References

  • Avocado, Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae), is attacked by many species of phytophagous insects, including weevils of the genus Heilipus Germar (Casta~ neda-Vildozola et al. 2013). Heilipus comprises 92 species distributed throughout the Americas, 39 in North and Central America (O' Brien and Wibmer 1982) and 53 in South America (Vanin and Gaiger 2005). In Mexico, 11 species of Heilipus have been recorded. Of these, the best known are Heilipus albopictus Champion and Heilipus lauri Boheman (O' Brien and Wibmer 1982; Muniz-Velez 2001). The economically important weevil H. lauri belongs to a group of insects that limit exports of avocados to the USA (Mu~ niz- Velez 2001; Leos-Rodr´iguez et al. 2003). Its distribution range in Mexico includes the Mexican states of Morelos, Puebla, Estado de Mexico, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz (Barber 1919; Palacios-Torres et al. 2016).
  • Heilipus lauri is a monophagous species that feeds on the seeds of commercial avocado varieties such as Hass, Fuerte, Col´in V-33, and Choquette, damaging 30-60% of the crop (Medina 2005). Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S.F. Blake ("criollo" or highlands avocado), P. americana var. americana ("pahua" or West Indian avocado), and P. scheideana Nees (chinene) (Palacios-Torres et al. 2016) serve as hosts. Adults and larvae of H. lauri cause damage: the adults feed on leaves, shoots and flower buds; the female oviposits in a perforation it makes in the fruit; and the larvae feed consume the seed (Rodr´iguez 1992).
  • To better understand Heilipus species associated with avocado, our study explored new sites for H. lauri in Mexico. In 2014, fruits with damage attributed to avocado weevil bores were observed on Hass avocado fruits in two orchards in the municipality of Chiquihuite, Union Juarez, Chiapas, Mexico (Fig. 1). The coordinates of each of the collection sites were georeferenced with a GPS (Garmin, Etrex 20 CAN310, USA). In August 2015, 100 damaged fruits were collected and taken to the insectarium of the Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula. The fruits were placed in plastic containers covered with a screen and kept at ambient temperature. At 20 days, the avocado seeds were placed in other plastic recipients (rearing chambers) that contained 10 cm of soil from the study area. The rearing chambers were kept at a temperature of 25±2° C, 70±10% RH, and 12-hour photoperiod until adult emergence.
  • Avocado seeds bearing one larva each yielded 76 adults of H. lauri, of which 45% were males and 55% were females. This is the first record of H. lauri in Hass avocado in Chiapas. Only one weevil adult emerged per seed. No parasitoids were encountered. Adults were identified as H. lauri by external morphology and male genitalia, using the descriptions of Barber (1919) and Casta~ neda- Vildozola et al. (2007). The examined material was also compared with specimens deposited in the Insect Collection of the Colegio de Postgraduados (Texcoco, Estado de Mexico). Voucher specimens were deposited in the collection of insects associated with cultivated plants in the southern borderlands (ECO-TAP-E) with SEMARNAT registration number CHIS-INV-133-09-02.
  • The larva is robust, slightly curved, and yellowish white with a brown head and epicranial suture visible along its entire length. Distinctively, it has 706 four lobes or folds in each abdominal segment and americana Mill) en Mexico y Costa Rica. Neorows of small spines (Fig. 2A). The pupa is oval, tropical Entomology 36(6): 914-918. creamy white, and on average 16 mm long and Leos-Rodr´iguez, J. A., M. T. Kido-Cruz, and R. 8 mm wide. The head has a pair of frontal setae, and Valdivia-Alcala. 2003. Impacto de las barreras
  • y los Estados Unidos de Norteamerica. Revista each. The abdomen is formed by nine segments Chapingo Serie Horticultura 11: 99-103. (Fig. 2B). The adults are reddish brown, sometimes Medina, Q. F. 2005. Incidencia del barrenador grande del reddish black, with tiny white setae over the entire hueso del aguacate Heilipus lauri Boheman (Cobody, the longest on the legs (Fig. 2C). On the elytra, leoptera: Curculionidae) en Tepoztlan, Morelos. there are two pairs of long, irregular, yellowish Tesis de Licenciatura. Universidad Autonoma de orange spots, which differentiates H. lauri from Morelos, Morelos, Mexico. other species of Heilipus. The descriptions of the Mu niz-Velez ~ , R. 2001. Algunos curculionidos en las larvae, pupae and adults coincide with the de- plantas cultivadas en Mexico. Bolet´in de la scriptions by Barber (1919), Castaneda-Vildozola ~ Sociedad Mexicana de Entomolog´ia 16: 1-14. (2008), and Castaneda-Vilozola ~ et al. (2009). O' Brien checklist , C. W. of , and the weevils J. B. Wibmer (Curculionidae . 1982. sensu Annotated lato)
  • REFERENCES CITED the American Entomological Institute 34: 1-382. Barber, H. S. 1919. Avocado seed weevils. Proceeding of Palacios-Torres, R. E., A. Casta neda-Vildozola ~ , J. R.
  • the Entomological Society Washington 21: 53-61. Sanchez-Pale, O. Franco-Mora, and L. Vargas- Casta~ neda-Vildozola, A. 2008. Bioecolog´ia del barren- Rojas. 2016. Interaction of two avocado fruit in-
  • Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, Mexico. Rodr´iguez, S. F. 1992. El Aguacate.AGT Editor, Mexico, Casta~ neda-Vildozola, A., O. A. del Angel-Coronel, J. G. Mexico.
  • Cruz-Castillo, and J. Valdez-Carrasco. 2009. Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y Pesquera
  • Persea schiedeana (Lauraceae), nuevo hospedero de la Sagarpa. 2014. Cierre de la produccion
  • lionidae) en Veracruz, Mexico. Neotropical En- 27 April 2016).
  • tomology 38(6): 871-872. Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y Pesquera Casta~ neda-Vildozola, A., O. Franco-Mora, D. J. Perez- de la Sagarpa. 2016. www.siap.gob.mx (accessed
  • Lopez, C. Nava-D´iaz, and L. Vargas-Rojas. 10 March 2017).
  • 2013. Association of Heilipus lauri Boheman and Teliz, O. D., and G. A. Mora. 2007. El aguacate y su
  • leopterists Bulletin 67: 116-118. Vanin, S. A., and F. Gaiger. 2005. A new spermophagus Casta~ neda-Vildozola, A., J. Valdez-Carrasco, A. species of Heilipus Germar from the Amazonian
  • Ram´irez-Alarcon. 2007. Genitalia de tres espe-
  • cies de Heilipus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculio- (Received 20 March 2017; accepted 18 October 2017.

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