Published March 16, 2020 | Version v1
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Suelos salinos: fuente de microorganismos halófilos asociados a plantas y resistentes a metales

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340. Ciudad de México, México
  • 2. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340. Ciudad de México, México; Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Edificio Departamental, Lab. 214, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, España

Description

RESUMEN

La salinidad en los suelos representa una extensión de 1128 millones de hectáreas a nivel mundial, teniendo en cuenta la superficie afectada de manera natural (primaria) o inducida por el hombre (secundaria). Por lo que se estima una tendencia a aumentar en los próximos años, representando un problema en la actividad agrícola debido a los cambios fisiológicos y bioquímicos en el metabolismo de las plantas; afectando la producción de alimentos. Es por ello, que las investigaciones en la actualidad buscan nuevas maneras de restaurar o aprovechar estos suelos, como es el caso de estudiar a los microorganismos presentes y las posibles interacciones con algunas plantas. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar la importancia de los suelos salinos y la capacidad de los microorganismos presentes mediante la activación de mecanismos de tolerancia, resistencia y promoción de crecimiento vegetal en presencia de sales y metales potencialmente tóxicos que contribuyen a minimizar los daños ocasionados. En la actualidad el uso de técnicas moleculares es una de las principales herramientas para identificar microorganismos presentes y la relación de moléculas implicadas en la resistencia hacia la presencia de sales (transportadores y síntesis de solutos compatibles). Los microorganismos halófilos pueden producir enzimas, sintetizar exopoli-sacáridos, fitohormonas y compuestos quelantes, que ayudan a algunas plantas a crecer en estos ambientes y llevar a cabo la desalinización de estos suelos. Teniendo una gran capacidad de adaptación y potencial para ser propuestos en diversos bioprocesos.

 

ABSTRACT

The salinity in soils represents an extension of 1128 million hectares worldwide, considering the area affected naturally (primary) or man-induced (secondary). Therefore, a tendency to increase in the next years is estimated, representing a problem in agricultural activity due to physiological and biochemical changes in plant metabolism, affecting food production. The current research looking for restore or take advantage of these soils, as is the case of studying the microorganism present and possible interactions with some plants. The objective of this work is to address aspects on the capacity of microorganisms present by activating mechanisms of tolerance, resistance and promotion of plant growth in the presence of potentially salts and toxic metals that reduce damage. Nowadays, the use of molecular techniques has been one of the main tools to identify microorganisms present and the relation the molecules involved in resistance to the presence of salts (transporters and synthesis of compatible solutes). Halophiles microorganisms can produce enzymes, synthesize extracellular polymeric substances, phytohormones and chelating compounds, help some plants to grow in these environments and also carry out a desalination of these soils. Having a great capacity to adapt and potential for be proposed in various bioprocesses.

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Identifiers

ISSN
2594-0627
URL
https://www.aytbuap.mx/editorial-517-cambios-urgentes-en-las-pr%C3%A1cticas-agr%C3%ADcolas-para-mitigar/suelos-salinos-fuente-de-microorganismos-hal%C3%B3filos-asociados-a-plantas
URL
https://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11235/BUAP.05.17.03

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Journal article: https://repositorioinstitucional.buap.mx/handle/20.500.12371/9397 (URL)

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