Ecopharmacovigilance: Perspectives, concepts, applications, and relationships in modern context

Abstract

Environmental scientists have made great strides to regulate pharmaceutical waste. However, the monitoring of emerged environmental problems induced by drugs should attract further interest of pharmacy and pharmacovigilance scientists. Ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) as a kind of pharmacovigilance for the atmosphere is widely recognized as essential to minimize the environmental impact of pharmaceutical toxins. In efforts to answer the environmental issues created by medications, the constructive involvement of the pharmaceutical sector is essential. In a prioritized basis, EPV can target individual pharmaceuticals. For EPV deployment targeting pharmaceutical contamination, certain advice and management practice solutions are recommended. On administration certain drugs are metabolized throughout the bloodstream, being inert or becoming converted to metabolites, whereas others are excreted in the urine or liver and excreted in the sewage. The substances that are released into drainage can be processed into a number of chemicals by a sewage treatment process. The involvement of different drugs and their components has been found in the marine world, with the aquatic environment being the most researched to-date. Nanostructure materials have been around for a long time, and its interactions with biological processes have been discussed in various applications to enhance the understanding and importance of environmental and health effects. In order to regulate pharmaceutical residues in effluents, Technologies for sewage water management should be applied.  In particular, the presence of pharmacy including pharmacovigilance professionals is also important for enhancing multidisciplinary collaboration.