Plasmodium infection is associated with cross-reactive antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
Creators
- Lapidus, Sarah1
- Liu, Feimei1
- Casanovas-Massana, Arnau1
- Dai, Yile1
- Huck, John D.1
- Lucas, Carolina1
- Klein, Jon1
- Filler, Renata B.1
- Strine, Madison S.1
- Sy, Mouhamad2
- Deme, Awa B.2
- Badiane, Aida S.2
- Dieye, Baba2
- Ndiaye, Ibrahima Mbaye2
- Diedhiou, Younous2
- Mbaye, Amadou Moctar2
- Diagne, Cheikh Tidiane3
- Vigan-Womas, Inés3
- Mbengue, Alassane3
- Sadio, Bacary D.3
- Diagne, Moussa M.3
- Moore, Adam J.1
- Mangou, Khadidiatou3
- Diallo, Fatoumata3
- Sene, Seynabou D.3
- Pouye, Mariama N.3
- Faye, Rokhaya3
- Diouf, Babacar3
- Nery, Jr., Nivision4
- Costa, Federico5
- Reis, Mitermayer5
- Muenker, M. Catherine1
- Hodson, Daniel Z.1
- Mbarga, Yannick6
- Katz, Ben Z.7
- Andrews, Jason R.8
- Campbell, Melissa1
- Srivathsan, Ariktha1
- Kamath, Kathy9
- Baum-Jones, Elisabeth9
- Faye, Ousmane3
- Sall, Amadou Alpha3
- Quintero Vélez, Juan Carlos10
- Cappello, Michael1
- Wilson, Michael11
- Ben-Mamoun, Choukri1
- Tedder, Richard12
- McClure, Myra13
- Cherepanov, Peter13
- Somé, Fabrice A.14
- Dabiré, Roch K.14
- Eboumbou Moukoko, Carole Else15
- Ouédraogo, Jean Bosco14
- Boum II, Yap16
- Shon, John9
- Ndiaye, Daouda2
- Wisnewski, Adam1
- Parikh, Sunil1
- Iwasaki, Akiko1
- Wilen, Craig B.1
- Ko, Albert I.1
- Ring, Aaron M.1
- Bei, Amy K.1
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Bei, Amy K.1
- 1. Yale University
- 2. Cheikh Anta Diop University
- 3. Institut Pasteur de Dakar
- 4. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
- 5. Faculdades Oswaldo Cruz
- 6. Douala Military Hospital*
- 7. Northwestern University
- 8. Stanford University
- 9. Serimmune (United States)
- 10. University of Antioquia
- 11. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research
- 12. South London Specialist Virology Centre, Kings College Hospital*
- 13. Imperial College London
- 14. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé
- 15. Center Pasteur Cameroon*
- 16. Université de Yaoundé I
Description
Sero-surveillance can monitor and project disease burden and risk. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test results can produce false positive results, limiting their efficacy as a sero-surveillance tool to estimate population-level SARS-CoV-2 exposure. False positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results have been associated with malaria exposure, and understanding this association is essential to interpret sero-surveillance results from malaria-endemic countries. Here, pre-pandemic samples from eight malaria endemic and non-endemic countries and four continents were tested by ELISA to measure SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 subunit reactivity. Individuals with acute malaria infection generated substantial reactivity to SARS-CoV-2. Cross-reactivity was not associated with reactivity to other human coronaviruses or other SARS-CoV-2 proteins, as measured by peptide and protein arrays. ELISAs with deglycosylated and desialated Spike S1 subunits revealed that cross-reactive antibodies target sialic acid on N-linked glycans of the Spike protein. The functional activity of cross-reactive antibodies measured by neutralization assays showed that cross-reactive antibodies did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Since routine use of heavily glycosylated or sialated assays could result in false positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody results in malaria endemic regions, which could overestimate exposure and population-level immunity, we explored methods to increase specificity by reducing cross-reactivity. Overestimating population-level exposure to SARS-CoV-2 could lead to underestimates of risk of continued COVID-19 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Additional details
Related works
- Is cited by
- 10.1101/2021.05.10.21256855 (DOI)