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Published April 26, 2021 | Version v1
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Spatial fingerprinting: horizontal fusion of multi-dimensional bio-tracers as solution to global food provenance problems

Authors/Creators

  • 1. University of Guelph

Description

Building the capacity of efficiently determining the provenance of food products represents a crucial step towards the sustainability of the global food system. Whether it is for enforcing existing legislation or providing reliable information to consumers, technologies to verify geographical origin of food are being actively developed. Biological tracers (bio-tracers) such as DNA and stable isotopes have recently demonstrated their potential for determining provenance. Here we show that the data fusion of bio-tracers is a very powerful technique for geographical provenance discrimination. Based on 90 individuals of Sockeye salmon that originate from 3 different areas for which we measured 17 bio-tracers, we demonstrate that increasing the combined bio-tracers results in stronger the discriminatory power. The generality of our results are mathematically demonstrated under simplifying assumptions and numerically confirmed in our case study using three commonly used supervised learning techniques.

Notes

Columns are as follows.

- id: sample identifier

- isotopic ratios
  - cal_d13C: δ13C (Carbon 13)
  - cal_d15N: δ15N (Nitrogen 15)
  - cal_d34S: δ34S (Sulfur 34)

- Composition of fatty acid (%, note that only fatty acids with >1% presence were retained).
  - FA_C16_0: Palmitic acid (C16:0, PubChem CID: 985)
  - FA_C16_1: Palmitoleic acid (C16:1, PubChem CID: 445638)
  - FA_C18_0: Stearic acid (C18:0, PubChem CID: 5281)
  - FA_C18_1: Oleic acid (C18:1, PubChem CID: 445639)
  - FA_C18_2n6: Linoleic acid (C18:2, PubChem CID: 5280450)
  - FA_C18_3n3: α-linolenic acid (C18:3, PubChem CID: 5280934)
  - FA_C18_4n3: Stearidonic acid (C18:4, PubChem CID: 5312508)
  - FA_C20_1: Gondoic acid (C20:1, PubChem CID: 5282768)
  - FA_C20_4n3: Eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4, PubChem CID: 21863049)
  - FA_C20_5n3: Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, PubChem CID: 446284)
  - FA_C22_1: Erucic acid (C22:1, PubChem CID: 5281116)
  - FA_C22_5n3: Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5, PubChem CID: 5497182)
  - FA_C22_6n3: Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, PubChem CID: 445580)
  - FA_C24_1: Nervonic acid (C24:1, PubChem CID: 5281120)

Funding provided by: Canada First Research Excellence Fund
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010785
Award Number: 499075

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Additional details

Related works

Is cited by
10.1101/2020.10.01.322453 (DOI)
10.3390/foods10040717 (DOI)