Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810
Description
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810a
Ragged-tooth Shark
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810a: 10, pl. 14 (fig. 1). Holotype unknown. Type locality: Sicily, Mediterranean Sea.
Local synonymy: Odontaspsis taurus: M̹ller & Henle, 1841: 73, pl. 30; Bleeker, 1860: 58. Odontapsis americanus: Bleeker, 1860b: 58; G̹nther, 1870: 392; Gilchrist, 1902: 164; Thompson, 1914: 146. Carcharias taurus: Barnard, 1925: 36, fig. 2, pl. 2; von Bonde, 1934: 15; Smith, 1949a: 48, fig. 25, pl. 1 [in part]; D’Aubrey, 1964a: 12, pl. 1; Compagno et al., 1989: 40, pl.; Compagno, 1999: 118; Compagno, 2001: 58; Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004: 73; Compagno et al., 2005: 175, fig., pl. 27; Ebert et al., 2013 a: 217, fig., pl. 25; Mann, 2013: 134; NPOA, 2013: 50; Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 145; Compagno, 2016: 1223; Weigmann, 2016: 852. Carcharias tricuspidatus: Smith, 1949a: 48, fig. 24 [in part]. Odontaspis taurus: Bass et al., 1975c: 12, fig. 7. Eugomphodus taurus: Compagno, 1984a: 216, fig.; Bass & Compagno, 1986: 104, fig. 19.1, pl. 2.
South Africa voucher material: SAIAB 6266 [former ORI 2858], SAIAB 6927 [former ORI 7], SAIAB 6928 [former ORI 9], SAIAB 6929 [former ORI 95], SAIAB 6930 [former ORI 98], SAIAB 6931 [former ORI 201], SAIAB 6932 [former ORI 224], SAIAB 6933 [former ORI 353], SAIAB 6934 [former ORI 388], SAIAB 6935 [former ORI 428], SAIAB 6936 [former ORI 463], SAIAB 6937 [former ORI 373], SAIAB 6938 [former ORI 1151], SAIAB 6939 [former ORI 2094], SAIAB 12823, SAIAB 27025, SAIAB 27435, SAIAB 46922, SAIAB 46925, SAIAB 49159, SAIAB 49160, SAIAB 51208, SAIAB 63806, SAIAB 75608, SAIAB 75609, SAIAB 75610, SAIAB 98914.
South African distribution: Occurs along the entire coast but appears to be more common along the EC and KZN coasts.
Remarks: Some literature accounts cite plate 44 in Rafinesque’s original description as an illustration of this species, however it is plate 14 that illustrates the species. Females migrate seasonally between mating (central KZN) and pupping grounds (northern KZN). Juvenile sharks display site fidelity to summer nursery areas and the species is possibly philopatric (Dicken et al., 2007). Three adults tagged by KZN Sharks Board and recaptured after more than 20 years at liberty suggest long lifespan (S.P. Wintner, unpubl. data). A popular shark frequently displayed in public aquaria as well as in diving ecotourism. Current South African legislation prohibits both commercial and recreational catch (NPOA, 2013).
Conservation status: VU (2009).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Rafinesque
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Order
- Lamniformes
- Family
- Odontaspididae
- Genus
- Carcharias
- Species
- taurus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 sec. Ebert, Wintner & Kyne, 2021
References
- Rafinesque, C. S. (1810 a) s. n. In: Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia, con varie osservazioni sopra i medisimi. Part 1 (involves fishes). Sanfilippo, Palermo, pp. 3 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 104418
- M ʾ ller, J. & Henle, F. G. J. (1841) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 103 - 200.
- Bleeker, P. (1860 a) Elfde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Amboina. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (5), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153
- Bleeker, P. (1860 b) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae, 8 (1), 1 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 144153
- Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1902) Catalogue of fishes recorded from South Africa. Cape of Good Hope, Department of Agriculture, Marine Investigations in South Africa, 1, 97 - 179.
- Thompson, W. W. (1914) Catalogue of the fishes of the Cape Province (Pt 1). Marine Biological Report, Cape Town, 2 (8), 132 - 167.
- Barnard, K. H. (1925) A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part I (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei-Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum, 21, 1 - 418.
- von Bonde, C. (1934) Shark fishing as an industry. Union of South Africa, Department of Commerce and Industry, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Investigational Report, Series 2, 1 - 19.
- Smith, J. L. B. (1949 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. South Africa Central News Agency Ltd., 550 pp.
- D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95.
- Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp.
- Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406
- Compagno, L. J. V. (2001) Sharks of the World, an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Volume 2. Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet Sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO, Rome, 269 pp.
- Heemstra, P. C. & Heemstra, E. (2004) Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. National Inquiry Service Centre and South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 488 pp.
- Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp.
- Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp.
- Mann, B. Q. (2013) Southern African marine linefish species profiles. Oceanographic Research Institute, Special Publication, 9, 1 - 343.
- NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp.
- Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730
- Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. & De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336.
- Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874
- Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 c) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. IV. The families Odontaspididae, Scapanorhynchidae, Isuridae, Cetorhinidae, Alopiidae, Orectolobidae and Rhiniodontidae. Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 39, 1 - 102.
- Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 a) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1 - 250.
- Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147.