Ixodes brunneus Koch 1844
Description
36. Ixodes brunneus Koch, 1844a.
A largely Nearctic species with one record from the Neotropical Region and one collection in the Palearctic Region (see note below), all of whose parasitic stages are usually found on Passeriformes (several families). Adults and nymphs have been collected from Galliformes: Odontophoridae; adults alone have been recovered from Piciformes: Ramphastidae, and Strigiformes: Strigidae; and larvae alone have been taken from Galliformes: Phasianidae. Ixodes brunneus is a very rare parasite of humans.
M: Anastos and Smith (1957)
F: Koch (1844a)
N: Anastos and Smith (1957)
L: Anastos and Smith (1957)
Redescriptions
M: Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Lindquist et al. (2016) F: Koch (1847), Neumann (1899), Banks (1908), Cooley and Kohls (1945), Arthur (1953d), Anastos and Smith (1957), Lancaster (1973), Filippova (1977), Sonenshine (1979), Keirans and Clifford (1978), Furman and Loomis (1984), Keirans and Litwak (1989), Lindquist et al. (2016); see note below
N: Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Durden and Keirans (1996), Lindquist et al. (2016)
L: Clifford et al. (1961), Sénevet and Ripert (1967a), Sonenshine (1979), Furman and Loomis (1984), Webb et al. (1990), Kleinjan and Lane (2008), Lindquist et al. (2016)
Note: some descriptions of this species published prior to Anastos and Smith (1957), e. g., Nuttall and Warburton (1911) and Boero (1945), are of species other than Ixodes brunneus. The redescription of the female of Ixodes brunneus from northwestern Argentina in Boero (1957) may represent a new species close to Ixodes brunneus. Filippova (1977) stated that Ixodes brunneus has been found in the Ukraine on Lanius collurio. Part of the problem in identifying Ixodes brunneus is apparently the result of an incorrect diagnosis of this tick in Nuttall and Warburton (1911), who regarded Ixodes frontalis as a synonym of Ixodes brunneus, a view supported for decades by some European workers, as noted by Filippova (1977), who commented on this confusion in her redescription of Ixodes frontalis. Fairchild et al. (1966) and Bermúdez et al. (2018) found that Ixodes brunneus specimens from Panama differ morphologically from specimens collected in the USA. It is probable that one or more species close to Ixodes brunneus occur in the Neotropics in addition to the Jamaican Ixodes copei.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Ixodidae
- Genus
- Ixodes
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Ixodida
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Koch
- Species
- brunneus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Ixodes brunneus Koch, 1844 sec. Guglielmone, Petney & Robbins, 2020
References
- Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht uber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560
- Anastos, G. & Smith, C. N. (1957) The male, nymph, and larva of Ixodes brunneus Koch (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Parasitology, 43, 535 - 541. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3274474
- Keirans, J. E. & Clifford, C. M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to adults. Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 2, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 15. suppl 2.1
- Furman, D. P. & Loomis, E. C. (1984) The ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 25, 1 - 239.
- Keirans, J. E. & Litwak, T. R. (1989) Pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family Ixodidae (Ixodida: Ixodoidea), east of the Mississippi River. Journal of Medical Entomology, 26, 435 - 448. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 26.5.435
- Lindquist, E. E., Galloway, T. D., Artsob, H., Lindsay, L. R., Drebot, M., Wood, H. & Robbins, R. G. (2016) A Handbook to the Ticks of Canada (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Argasidae). Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series No. 7. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 317 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / 9780968932186
- Koch, C. L. (1847) s. n. Ubersicht des Arachnidensystems, Nurnberg, 4, 1 - 136.
- Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294.
- Banks, N. (1908) A revision of the Ixodoidea, or ticks of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series 15. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C., 61 pp.
- Cooley, R. A. & Kohls, G. M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. National Institute of Health Bulletin, 184, 1 - 246.
- Arthur, D. R. (1953 d) Ixodes theileri n. sp., with observations on species confused therewith. Parasitology, 43, 239 - 245. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000018606
- Lancaster, J. L. (1973) A guide to the ticks of Arkansas. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Arkansas, 779, 1 - 39.
- Filippova, N. A. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). In: Fauna USSR New Series, 4 (4), Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, 396 pp. [in Russian]
- Sonenshine, D. E, (1979) Ticks of Virginia (Acari: Metastigmata). Insects of Virginia, 13, 1 - 44.
- Durden, L. A. & Keirans, J. E. (1996) Nymphs of the genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) of the United States: taxonomy, identification key, distribution, hosts, and medical / veterinary importance. Thomas Say Publication in Entomology Monographs 9. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 95 pp.
- Clifford, C. M., Anastos, G. & Elbl, A. (1961) The larval ixodid ticks of the eastern United States (Acarina-Ixodidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5, 214 - 237.
- Senevet, G. & Ripert, C. (1967 a) Les larves des especes du genre Ixodes. Essai de revue d'ensemble. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 42, 79 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1967421079
- Webb, J. P., Bennett, S. G. & Challet, G. L. (1990) The larval ticks of the genus Ixodes Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae) of California. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 15, 73 - 124.
- Kleinjan, J. E. & Lane, R. S. (2008) Larval keys to the genera of Ixodidae (Acari) and species of Ixodes (Latreille) [sic] ticks established in California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 84, 121 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.3956 / 2007 - 38.1
- Nuttall, G. H. F. & Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075
- Boero, J. J. (1945) Ixodes brunneus Koch 1844. Nueva especie para la acarofauna argentina. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria, Buenos Aires, 27, 128 - 130.
- Boero, J. J. (1957) Las garrapatas de la Republica Argentina (Acarina: Ixodoidea). Departamento Editorial de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 113 pp.
- Fairchild, G. B., Kohls, G. M. & Tipton, V. J. (1966) The ticks of Panama (Acarina: Ixodoidea). In: Wenzel, W. R. & Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, pp. 167 - 219.
- Bermudez, S., Apanaskevich, D. A. & Dominguez, L. (2018) Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panama. Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion, Panama, 129 pp.