Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758
Description
Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 —Eurasian Wolf
Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 p.39; Type locality- Sweden; Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.218; Won, 1968 p.249; Corbet, 1978 p.161; Han, 1994 p.46; Won & Smith, 1999 p.15; Oh, 2004a p.147.
Lupus laniger Hodgson, 1847a p.474; Type locality- Tibet
C. chanco Gray, 1863 p.94; Type locality- Chinese Tartary.
C. lupus coreanus Abe, 1923 p.383; Type locality- Korea; Kishida & Mori, 1931 p.379.
C. lupus laniger: Kuroda, 1938 p.36.
C. lupus chanco: Tate, 1947 p.160; Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951 p.219; Won, 1958 p.441; Won, 1967 p.139; Won, 1968 p.251; Yoon, 1992 p.91.
Range: The original distribution of the Eurasian wolf extended throughout the Korean Peninsula (Jo & Baccus 2015). The population declined severely during the Japanese incursion (1910–1945). Several individuals were recorded around Mt. Baekdu until the 1990s (Jin & Ouh 1990), but their current status is uncertain (Fig. 58).
Remarks: The Korean wolf was first classified as C. l. coreanus Abe, 1923, which then was synonymized with C. l. chanco (Won 1967). However, the designation of C. l. chanco as a synonym of C. l. lupus was disputed, because C l. chanco was the name for the Tibetan wolf with a distribution in Central Asia. Although wolves in Korea were classified as C. l. chanco, Korea was outside the distribution compared to the countries listed within the distribution. Abe (1936) stated that C. l. coreanus in the Korean Peninsula was clearly different from the continental form. Recent mtDNA results indicated that coreanus is a synonym of the subspecies C. l. lupus Linnaeus, 1758 (Aggarwal et al. 2003, 2007).
Conservation status: The Red Data Book of South Korea listed C. lupus as ‘Regionally Extinct’ (NIBR 2012). Since wild populations had almost reached extirpation, the North Korean Government classified this species as ‘Vulnerable’ (MAB National Committee of DPR Korea 2002). In 1997, the Ministry of Environment designated C. lupus as an endangered species in South Korea. The wolf became exterminated in South Korea and across most of North Korea in the last century (Jo & Baccus 2015). C. lupus has protection under CITES Appendix II.
Notes
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Biodiversity
References
- Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Fol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp. [in Latin]
- Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1951) Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp.
- Won, H. K. (1968) The mammals of Korea. Institute of Science Press, Pyeongyang, 408 pp. [in Korean]
- Corbet, G. B. (1978) The mammals of the Palaearctic region: a taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.
- Han, S. H. (1994) The checklist of Mammals in North Korea. Nature Conservation, 86, 44 - 50. [in Korean]
- Won, C. M. & Smith, K. G. (1999) History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29, 3 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2907.1999.00034. x
- Oh, H. S (2004 a) Order Carnivora. In: Won, B. O. (Ed.), The mammals of Korea. Dongbang Media Press, Seoul, pp. 142 - 183 [in Korean]
- Hodgson, B. H. (1847 a) Description of the wild ass and wolf of Tibet, with illustrations. Calcutta Journal of Natural History, 7, 469 - 477.
- Gray, J. E. (1863) Notice on a new species of Chamaeleon sent from Khartoum by Mr. Consul Patherick. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864, 94 - 95.
- Abe, Y. (1923) On the Korean wolf. Zoological Magazine, 35, 380 - 386 [in Japanese]
- Kishida, K. & Mori, T. (1931) On the distribution of terrestrial mammals of Korea. Zoological Magazine, 43, 372 - 391. [in Japanese]
- Kuroda, N. (1938) A list of the Japanese Mammals. Published by Author, Tokyo, 122 pp.
- Tate, G. H. (1947) Mammals of Eastern Asia. The Macmillan Company, New York, 366 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6397
- Won, P. H. (1958) A hand list of Korean mammals. Bulletin of Kyung-Hee University, 1, 427 - 460.
- Won, P. H. (1967) Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Fol. 7. Mammals. Ministry of Education, Seoul, 663 pp. [in Korean]
- Yoon, M. H. (1992) The wildlife of Korea. Daewonsa Publishing Company, Seoul, 142 pp. [in Korean]
- Jo, Y. S. & Baccus, J. T. (2015) Case studies of the history and politics of wild canid restoration in Korea. Restoration Ecology, 23, 513 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / rec. 12256
- Jin, D. J. & Ouh, D. H. (1990) The vertebrates collected from the summit of Mt Paekdu. Biology, 31, 51 - 52. [in Korean]
- Abe, Y. (1936) On the Corean wolf again (an Answer to Mr. Pocock). Zoological Magazine, 48, 639 - 644. [in Japanese]
- Aggarwal, R. K. W., Ramadevi, J. & Singh, L. (2003) Ancient origin and evolution of the Indian wolf: evidence from mitochondrial DNA typing of wolves from Trans-Himalayan region and Peninsular India. Genome Biology, 4, 1 - 30. [6.1 - 6.30 [
- Aggarwal, R. K. W., Kivisild, T., Ramadevi, J. & Singh, L. (2007) Mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences support the phylogenetic distinction of two Indian wolf species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 45, 163 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2006.00400. x
- MAB National Committee of DPR Korea (2002) Red Data Book of DPRK (Animal). Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Pyongyang, 316 pp.