Leakage detection and localization in water distribution systems: A model invalidation approach

Model-based methodologies can assist in addressing the challenging problem of leakage detection and localization in water distribution systems. However, this is not trivial due to inherent non-linearities and parametric uncertainties. Most importantly, due to the small number of available sensor measurements compared to the number of system states, the inverse problem for estimating leakages is highly under-determined. In this work, the utilization of a priori available information about the system is proposed to formulate a hydraulic model of the system in its non-linear form in which uncertainties are modeled by intervals defined by a lower and upper bound. A novel optimization-based methodology then utilizes pressure and flow measurements to perform leakage detection through model-invalidation. A modification of the optimization algorithm is activated in the case of a detection to refine possible leak locations and retain only the ones that can be explained by the interval model and available measurements from multiple time-steps. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a benchmark network and evaluated using a leakage diagnosis benchmark dataset.