Proceedings of the International Ship Control Systems Symposium (iSCSS)
Published October 5, 2020 | Version v1
Conference paper Open

New technologies of human/machine interaction: a prospective study in the military naval context

Creators

  • 1. Naval Group Research, France

Description

Today, military defense vessels are equipped with many systems that allow sailors to interact with each other or with their digital equipments. These systems are relatively efficient and allow mariners to perform their tasks efficiently and securely.
It is important to identify new technologies that sailors can interact with, in the future. An evaluation must then be conducted to ensure compliance with their usefulness, usability and acceptability. This paper discusses how to study, upstream, various innovative technologies in order to identify the positive and negative points and to conduct a human factors evaluation following a user-centric approach, replicating operational conditions.
The paper focuses then on three widely available technologies. The first is the eye-control, which allows an operator to interact with a digital system thanks to the movements and fixation of his eyes. This system allows validating information being displayed on a screen or to navigate in an interface when the operator has his hands busy with another task. Different interactions are available today (scrolling, clicking, and displaying a keyboard to write using the eyes ...). However, various limitations were highlighted during the first human factors evaluations, for example visual fatigue or calibration of the eye-tracking system, which is also sensitive to the movements of the operator and those of the platform on which it is based. The second and the third technologies presented are related because they both concern communications. In very noisy environments or when there are different sound sources, it is sometimes difficult for operators to be attentive to all auditory information or to be heard effectively. Bone conduction systems (for listening and for expression) allow the operator to be attentive to different sound sources while speaking audibly. As for the bone conduction listening system, the sound vibrations conducted by the bones reproduce a listening equivalent to classical hearing. Concerning the throat microphone, the treatment of the waves captured at the throat makes it possible to transmit a clear sound, without any environmental interference, which makes it possible to guarantee the good intelligibility of the speech.
This paper concludes on how these studies from the human factor service of the research and development department of Naval Group (France) are related to advance research in these areas as well as trials for future equipment that can be developed on board for naval defense vessels.

Files

iSCSS_2020_Paper_5.pdf

Files (1.1 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:66c9cc13492b91a4926934a85995bc90
1.1 MB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • Acker-Mills, B. E., Houtsma, A. J., & Ahroon, W. A. (2006). Speech intelligibility in noise using throat and acoustic microphones. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 77(1), 26-31.
  • Anderson, A., & Lynch, T. (1988). Listening Oxford University Press. Call M (1985)'Auditory Short Term Memory, Listening Comprehension, and the Input Hypothesis' in TESOL QUARTERLY, 19, 765-779.
  • Barbara E. Acker-Mills, Adrianus J. Houtsma, William A. Ahroon, Speech Intelligibility in Noise Using Throat and Acoustic Microphones, USAARL (United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory), Aircrew Protection Division, Fort Rucker (Alabama), rapport 2004-13, avril 2004, 23 pages.
  • Carter, R., Aldridge, S., Page, M., & Parker, S. (2010). Le grand Larousse du cerveau. Larousse.
  • Crossley, M., & Hiscock, M. (1992). Age-related differences in concurrent-task performance of normal adults: evidence for a decline in processing resources. Psychology and aging, 7(4), 499.
  • Drewes, H. (2010). Eye gaze tracking for human computer interaction (Doctoral dissertation, lmu).
  • Gribenski, A. (1994). L'audition. FeniXX.
  • Gripper, M., McBride, M., Osafo-Yeboah, B., & Jiang, X. (2007). Using the Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) to compare the speech intelligibility of air versus bone conduction. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 37(7), 631-641.
  • Grövel, A., Stevanovic, J., & Maruani, M. (2017). Travailler à bord des navires de la Marine marchande. Étude sociologique des risques et des violences physiques, psychologiques ou acaractere sexuel.
  • Hicks, C. B., & Tharpe, A. M. (2002). Listening effort and fatigue in school-age children with and without hearing loss. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.
  • Hink, R. F., Van Voorhis, S. T., Hillyard, S. A., & Smith, T. S. (1977). The division of attention and the human auditory evoked potential. Neuropsychologia, 15(4-5), 597-605.
  • Ishak, D. (2017). La conception d'un système ultrasonore passif couche mince pour l'évaluation de l'état vibratoire des cordes vocales (Doctoral dissertation, Valenciennes).
  • Laharie A.M. - Intérêt des visiotests en médecine du travail. Paris, thèse de doctorat en médecine, 1982, 87 p.
  • Manning, C., Mermagen, T., & Scharine, A. (2017). The effect of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus on speech recognition over air and bone conduction military communications headsets. Hearing research, 349, 67-75.
  • Nielsen, J., & Mack, R. L. (Eds.). (1994). Usability inspection methods (Vol. 1). New York: Wiley.
  • O'Brien, S. (2009). Eye tracking in translation process research: methodological challenges and solutions. Methodology, technology and innovation in translation process research, 38, 251-266.
  • Ohno, T. (1998, July). Features of eye gaze interface for selection tasks. In Proceedings. 3rd Asia Pacific Computer Human Interaction (Cat. No. 98EX110) (pp. 176-181). IEEE.
  • Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. Psychological bulletin, 116(2), 220.
  • Preminger, J. E., & Tasell, D. J. V. (1995). Quantifying the relation between speech quality and speech intelligibility. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 38(3), 714-725.
  • Römer, T. (1939). Die Ruhelage der Augen und ihr Einfluß auf Beobachtungsabstand und visuelle Ermüdung bei Bildschirmarbeit*. Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte psychologie, 36(4), 538-566.
  • Rudall, B. H., & Mann, C. J. H. (2007). New initiatives in building human-computer interfaces. Kybernetes, 36(1), 6-12.
  • Sibert, L. E., & Jacob, R. J. (2000, April). Evaluation of eye gaze interaction. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 281-288). ACM.
  • Somberg, B. L., & Salthouse, T. A. (1982). Divided attention abilities in young and old adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: human perception and performance, 8(5), 651.
  • Tonndorf, J. (1976). Bone conduction. In Auditory System (pp. 37-84). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Vertegaal, R. (2008, October). A Fitts Law comparison of eye tracking and manual input in the selection of visual targets. In Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multimodal interfaces (pp. 241-248). ACM.
  • Zijlstra, F. R. H., & Van Doorn, L. (1985). The construction of a scale to measure perceived effort. University of Technology.