Oxysarcodexia bakeri Det. R. Tibana

Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich, 1916)

(Figs 45–47)

Sarcophaga bakeri Aldrich, 1916: 270; Cuba, Habana. Holotype male, female allotype, 14 male paratypes and six female paratypes in USNM (none examined).

Diagnosis. Male. Length 7.0– 7.8 mm. Postocular plate with golden pollinosity. Ocellar bristles well developed. Thorax with golden pollinosity.Two well-differentiated posterior and 1–3 smaller anterior post-sutural dorsocentrals. Apical scutellar bristles present. Legs blackish.Abdomen grayish with golden pollinosity, T4 with 2 pairs of median marginal bristles. T3–5 with golden pollinosity. ST5 with deep median cleft with margins almost parallel and with pilosity. Cercus straight in lateral view, with pointed obliquely cut apex and dorsal subapical barb. Cercus with bristles ventrally on full length. Cerci with distal third as broad as middle part in posterior view; diverging. Pregonite with expanded base and sudden narrowing at apex, which is darker than base. Postgonite with expanded base, gradually narrowing to apex; unicolorous. Distiphallus with serrated ventroapical margin, poorly developed ventroapical projections (i.e., lateral outward-directed expansions of the distiphallus seen anteriorly), truncated apex with distinct lighter area dorsoapically, and straight dorsal outline. Vesica symmetrical, with rounded median projection of main branch; distal lobes well developed, with filaments, tapering, sclerotized, with spines only along margins of distal lobes.

Remarks. Similar to O. modesta Lopes, 1946b (Figs 185–187), from which it can be distinguished by the presence of apical scutellar bristles, a more abundant setosity on syntergosternite 7+8, and peculiarities of the distiphallus (Lopes 1946b), in particular the lack of ventroapical projections, the non-serrated ventrolateral margin and the lack of an anteroventral vesical concavity. The female of O. modesta has T7 divided into two plates (Tibana & Mello 1985). This species has been intercepted in the port of Shanghai in a cargo container from the Americas (Deng et al. 2011), but its possible establishment in China has not been investigated.

Distribution. NEARCTIC. Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora, Zacatecas), USA (Texas). NEOTROPICAL. Bahamas (New Providence), Brazil (Amapá *, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará *, Pernambuco, Roraima, Rio Grande do Norte *), Chile (Tarapacá), Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadalupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Yucatán), Peru, Puerto Rico, Turks & Caicos Island.

Biology. This species has been reared in the laboratory using agar plus powdered milk, developing from first instar to adult in 15–17 days (Lopes 1973b). It has been collected from human feces, fermented fruit (grapes), dead fish (sardine), cow lung, and chicken viscera and liver (Flores & Dale 1995; Ramírez-Mora et al. 2012; Barbosa et al. 2015; Sousa et al. 2015, 2016; Barbosa et al. 2017; Valverde-Castro et al. 2017). Oxysarcodexia bakeri was collected in a residential complex of Valle de Aburrá in the surroundings of Medellín, Colombia (Salazar-Ortega et al. 2012), pointing to a possible affinity with human settlements, which is in agreement with the high synanthropic index calculated for this species by Yepes-Gaurisas et al. (2013) at another urban site in Medellín. In Guajira, Colombia, this species was one of the most abundant species in urban environments, although it was collected also in rural and forest areas (Valverde-Castro et al. 2017). In the Brazilian state of Maranhão, O. bakeri was classified as accidental and rare (Sousa et al. 2015). This species has been collected along the coast in northeastern Brazil (Barbosa et al. 2015), at sandy beaches affected by different degrees of human impact (Barbosa et al. 2017), and in mangrove areas (Sousa et al. 2016).

Material examined. [♂] Oxysarcodexia bakeri sp 24 / 7CP2 [from Antioquia, Colombia] [CE-TdeA] // [♂] Oxysarcodexia bakeri sp 20 / sp20 TdeA 846 [from Antioquia, Colombia] [CE-TdeA] // [♂] Cuba, Ancón Nw de Viñales Pirnasdel Rio J. Holmsn 26.VIII.65 / Oxysarcodexia bakeri Aldr. B. Rohdendorf det. 1970. VI / bakeri Cuba [MNRJ] // [♂] Brasil: Amapá; Mazagão V-VI.1983 J. M. D’Almeida col. / Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich) Det. R. Tibana [MNRJ] // [♂] [Brazil] I.O.C Cultura N.213 / Campinas. Est. de Goyaz. Borgmeier et. Lopes / Oxysarcodexia bakeri Ald. Det. H. S. Lopes [MNRJ] // [♂] Cult.1116 H. S: LOPES 27.VII.73 / RECIFE PERNAMBUCO BRASIL / Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich) Det. H. S. Lopes ♂ [MNRJ] // [♂] BRASIL Mato Grosso Juína V. 1985 O. Roppo e B. Silva [MNRJ] // [♂] [Brazil] Igarapé Paraqueú Rosário Maranhão Berla 20/22-XI-70 / bakeri Ald. / Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich) Det. H. S. Lopes ♂ [MNRJ] // [♂] Natal, Brazil. Feb. 5-24, 1943 F. M. Snyder / Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich) Det. H. S. Lopes ♂ [MNRJ] // [♂] UTINGA, BELÉM PARÁ, BRASIL / Arlindo X-71 / bakeri / Oxysarcodexia bakeri (Aldrich) Det. H. S. Lopes ♂ [MNRJ].