Bombus ladakhensis Richards 1928
Creators
- 1. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK.
- 2. Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia.
- 3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
- 4. Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium.
- 5. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- 6. Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- 7. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 8. Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
- 9. Università di Roma ' Sapienza', Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy.
- 10. Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran.
- 11. Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan.
- 12. Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India.
- 13. Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.
Description
Bombus ladakhensis Richards, 1928
Figs 6, 16, 139–147, 198
Bombus rufofasciatus var. [not subsp.] ladakhensis Richards, 1928b: 336, but not infrasubspecific after
Tkalců (1974a): 335 (ICZN 1999: Art. 45.6.4.1).
Bombus rufofasciatus var. [not subsp.] phariensis Richards, 1930: 642, but not infrasubspecific after
Tkalců (1974a): 336 (ICZN 1999: Art. 45.6.4.1).
Bombus variopictus Skorikov, 1933a: 248.
Bombus variopictus subsp. bianchii Skorikov, 1933a: 248.
Bombus reticulatus Bischoff, 1936: 7.
The name Bombus variopictus was first published without description by Skorikov (1923) and the taxon was not described with a name available at the time until Skorikov (1933a).
Williams (1991) regarded the yellow-banded taxon ladakhensis s. str. and the white-banded taxon phariensis as parts of the same species based on similarity in morphology. There is also a tendency for some individuals from Yunnan to have much more extensive black hair.
Our PTP analysis (Fig. 10) of coalescents in the COI gene supports a single candidate species that includes both the taxon ladakhensis s. str. and the taxon phariensis, corroborated by differences in morphology.
From morphology, there is only the difference in colour pattern (pale bands yellow or white) between the taxon ladakhensis s. str. and the taxon phariensis. These taxa share the uniquely fused reflexed head of the male penis valve. They are considered parts of the single species, B. ladakhensis s. lat.
Diagnosis
Females
Queens medium-sized body length 16–19 mm, workers 9–13 mm. Can be distinguished on the QTP by their combination of the hair on the side of the thorax predominantly yellow or white extending
ventrally as far as the leg bases (cf. B. rufofasciatus, B. prshewalskyi) with the hair of T5 white (or at least extensively white tipped).
Males (Fig. 6)
Body length 11–13 mm. Can be distinguished on the QTP by their combination of either T1 yellow or T2 white (cf. B. rufofasciatus, B. prshewalskyi) with the hair of T6–7 white or at least extensively white tipped. Genitalia (Fig. 198) with the gonostylus as long as broad, reduced as a rounded flat scale with the inner basal process reduced to a tooth (cf. rufipes- group, festivus- group, rufofasciatus -group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf. rufipes- group, festivus- group, rufofasciatus -group); penis valve with the recurved hook of the head fused throughout most of its length to the adjacent penis-vale shaft (cf. all other Melanobombus); eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
Material examined
Holotype
INDIA • ♀ (queen, not a worker), holotype of Bombus rufofasciatus var. ladakhensis Richards, 1928 by monotypy (Williams 1991); Kashmir, Ladakh, Chushal; Jun. 1925; R. Meinertzhagen leg.; NHMUK (examined PW).
Material sequenced (24 specimens)
CHINA – Qinghai Province • 1 ♀ (worker); Xiangpishan; 36.7589° N, 99.6041° E; 30 Aug. 2010; P. Williams leg.; BOLD seq: 6876H04; PW: ML19 • 1 ♀ (worker); same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 6876H05; PW: ML20 • 1 ♀ (worker); Kunlun Shan; 35.6920° N, 94.052° E; 13 Aug. 2013; P. Williams leg.; NHMUK seq: NHM2; PW: ML22 • 1 ♀ (worker); Burhan Budai Shan, Qushiang; 35.8304° N, 98.0816° E; 16 Aug. 2013; P. Williams leg.; BOLD seq: 1555C02; PW: ML233. – Xizang Province • 1 ♀ (queen); Tanggula Shan; 32.8614° N, 91.9174° E; 29 May 1999; K. Huber leg.; BOLD seq: 1552H05; OLML: ML208 • 1 ♀ (queen); Sugela [= Shogu La]; 29.9154° N, 90.1421° E; 24 Aug. 1999; K. Huber leg.; BOLD seq: 1552H04; OLML: ML209 • 1 ♀ (queen); Mt Kailas; 30° N, 82° E; 16 Jul. 2004; T. Bardell leg.; BOLD seq: 1555G10; PW: ML300 • 1 ♀ (worker); Sejilashan; 29.64141° N, 94.69818° E; 26 Jul. 2018; Z. Ren leg.; KIB seq: SJLSM102012; KIB: ML544 • 1 ♀ (worker); Milashan; 29.85301° N, 92.33378° E; 27 Jul. 2018; Z. Ren leg.; KIB seq: MLSH103002; KIB: ML545 • 1 ♀ (worker); Yelashan; 30.16394° N, 97.2860° E; 22 Jul. 2018; Z. Ren leg.; KIB seq: YLSH202002; KIB: ML546. – Sichuan Province • 1 ♀ (worker); Hongyuan; 32.3282° N, 102.4543° E; 3 Aug. 2002; P. Williams leg.; BOLD seq: 1555G12; PW: ML302 • 2 specs; Hongyuan; 32.3282° N, 102.4543° E; Y. Dong leg.; YD seq: DYX24.1, DYY28; YD: ML438, ML439 • 1 ♀ (worker); Que’er shan; 31.94192° N, 98.93244° E; 4 Aug. 2018; Z. Ren leg.; KIB seq: QESH304003; KIB: ML547. – Yunnan Province • 1 ♀ (worker); Baima Snow Mountain; 28.37252° N, 98.99982° E; 16 Jul. 2018; Z. Ren leg.; KIB seq: BMXSH102017; KIB: ML543 • 9 ♀♀; Baima Snow Mountain; 28.3373° N, 99.0771° E; 14–18 Aug. 2019; M. Orr leg.; IOZ seq: 14F5 to 14F8, 14F10, OR15, OR17, OR22, OR26; IOZ: ML590 to ML598.
Global distribution
(Qinghai-Tibetan-Plateau species) East Asia: CHINA: Xizang, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan. – Himalaya: INDIA: Kashmir, Uttaranchal, Sikkim; NEPAL. (IAR, INHS, IOZ, NHMUK, NMS, OLML, PW, SC, USNM, YD, ZIN, ZMHB.) The species is usually not common.
Behaviour
Food-plant generalists (Williams 1991; Williams et al. 2009; An et al. 2014). The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the patrolling of B. keriensis.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- IOZ , KIB , NHMUK, PW , OLML , PW , YD
- Event date
- 1999-05-29 , 1999-08-24 , 2002-08-03 , 2004-07-16 , 2010-08-30 , 2013-08-13 , 2013-08-16 , 2018-07-16 , 2018-07-22 , 2018-07-26 , 2018-07-27 , 2018-08-04 , 2019-08-14
- Family
- Apidae
- Genus
- Bombus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Material sample ID
- ML19 , ML20 , ML208 , ML209 , ML22 , ML233 , ML300 , ML302 , ML438, ML439 , ML543 , ML544 , ML545 , ML546 , ML547 , ML590, ML598
- Order
- Hymenoptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Richards
- Species
- ladakhensis
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- holotype
- Verbatim event date
- 1999-05-29 , 1999-08-24 , 2002-08-03 , 2004-07-16 , 2010-08-30 , 2013-08-13 , 2013-08-16 , 2018-07-16 , 2018-07-22 , 2018-07-26 , 2018-07-27 , 2018-08-04 , 2019-08-14/18
- Taxonomic concept label
- Bombus ladakhensis Richards, 1928 sec. Williams, Altanchimeg, Byvaltsev, Jonghe, Jaffar, Japoshvili, Kahono, Liang, Mei, Monfared, Nidup, Raina, Ren, Thanoosing, Zhao & Orr, 2020
References
- Richards O. W. 1928 b. On a collection of humble-bees (Hymenoptera, Bombidae) made in Ladakh by Col. R. Meinertzhagen. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 10 2: 333 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672888
- Tkalcu B. 1974 a. Eine Hummel-Ausbeute aus dem Nepal-Himalaya (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Bombinae). Senckenbergiana biologica 55: 311 - 349.
- ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 4 th Ed .. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature / the-code-online / [accessed 14 Aug. 2020].
- Richards O. W. 1930. The humble-bees captured on the expeditions to Mt. Everest (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 10 5: 633 - 658. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933008673177
- Skorikov A. S. 1933 a. Zur Fauna und Zoogeographie der Hummeln des Himalaya. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR 1933: 243 - 248.
- Bischoff H. 1936. Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr. Sven Hedin und Prof. S ʾ Ping-chang. Insekten gesammelt vom schwedischen Arzt der Expedition Dr. David Hummel 1927 - 1930. 56. Hymenoptera. 10. Bombinae. Arkiv f ˆ r zoologi 27 A: 1 - 27.
- Skorikov A. S. 1923. [Palaearctic bumblebees. Part I. General biology (including zoogeography)]. Izvestiya Severnoi oblastnoi stantsii zashchity rastenii ot vreditelei 4 (1922): 1 - 160.
- Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204.
- Williams P. H., Tang Y., Yao J. & Cameron S. 2009. The bumblebees of Sichuan (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Systematics and Biodiversity 7: 101 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200008002843
- An J. - D., Huang J. - X., Shao Y. - Q., Zhang S. - W., Wang B., Liu X. - Y., Wu J. & Williams P. H. 2014. The bumblebees of North China (Apidae, Bombus Latreille). Zootaxa 3830: 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3830.1.1