Published September 30, 2020 | Version v1
Journal article Open

DISTRIBUTION OF STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS AMONG DOGS OF DIFFERENT HOUSING GROUPS IN KYIV AND KYIV REGION, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

Creators

  • 1. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Description

Strongyloidiasis in dogs, despite its uncertain zoonotic status, is potentially danger for dogs owners. It is considered that strongyloidiases characteristic for tropical and subtropical regions, but in recent years it is increasingly found in non-endemic countries.

The aim. To determine the extent of the invasion, clinical signs and diagnostic methods of strongyloidiasis in dogs of different groups in Kyiv and Kyiv region.

Materials and methods. A total of 364 dogs were studied (130 animals lived in shelters (Group 1) and 234 in homes (Group 2). Diagnosis of strongyloidiasis was performed by native smear and Baerman methods. Additionally, the sensitivity of the modified string test was tested. Samples of venous blood were taken from dogs with confirmed strongyloidiasis for haematological and biochemical analysis.

Results. A study found that the extent of invasion (EI) in shelters and home dogs was 3.0±0.36 % (4/130; Group 1) and 2.5±0.25 % % (6/234; Group 2) respectively.

It was found that three repetitions of the Baerman method test increased its efficiency to 90.5 %. The sensitivity of the modified string test was 100 %.

Clinical manifestations included disorders of the respiratory (20 %: 2/10) and digestive systems (80 %: 8/10), weight loss (70 %: 7/10). Blood tests did not reveal changes specific to strongyloidiasis, eosinophilia was observed in only one dog in the acute stage of the disease.

Conclusions. The results of our studies indicate the presence of strongyloidiasis in dogs in Kyiv and Kyiv region and probability of the spread of the pathogen in the environment. Symptoms in dogs with strongyloidiasis were nonspecific and cannot be used for diagnosis. A modified string test and Baerman method has demonstrated high efficacy and may be recommended to clarify the diagnosis of a chronic invasion.

Files

DISTRIBUTION OF STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS AMONG DOGS OF DIFFERENT HOUSING GROUPS IN KYIV AND KYIV REGION, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS.pdf

Files (381.3 kB)

Additional details

References

  • Thamsborg, S. M., Ketzis, J., Horii, Y., Matthews, J. B. (2016). Strongyloides spp. infections of veterinary importance. Parasitology, 144 (3), 274–284. doi: http://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001116
  • Barnes, A. N., Davaasuren, A., Baasandagva, U., Gray, G. C. (2017). A systematic review of zoonotic enteric parasitic diseases among nomadic and pastoral people. PLOS ONE, 12 (11), e0188809. doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188809
  • Jaleta, T. G., Zhou, S., Bemm, F. M., Schär, F., Khieu, V., Muth, S. et. al. (2017). Different but overlapping populations of Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs and humans – Dogs as a possible source for zoonotic strongyloidiasis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11 (8), e0005752. doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005752
  • Nagayasu, E., Aung, M. P. P. T. H. H., Hortiwakul, T., Hino, A., Tanaka, T., Higashiarakawa, M. et. al. (2017). A possible origin population of pathogenic intestinal nematodes, Strongyloides stercoralis, unveiled by molecular phylogeny. Scientific Reports, 7 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05049-x
  • Beknazarova, M., Barratt, J. L. N., Bradbury, R. S., Lane, M., Whiley, H., Ross, K. (2019). Detection of classic and cryptic Strongyloides genotypes by deep amplicon sequencing: A preliminary survey of dog and human specimens collected from remote Australian communities. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13 (8), e0007241. doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007241
  • Dillard, K. J., Saari, S. A., Anttila, M. (2007). Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a Finnish kennel. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 49 (1), 37. doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-49-37
  • Júnior, A. F., Gonçalves-Pires, M. R. F., Silva, D. A. O., Gonçalves, A. L. R., Costa-Cruz, J. M. (2006). Parasitological and serological diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in domesticated dogs from southeastern Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 136 (2), 137–145. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.10.022
  • Schad, G. A., Thompson, F., Talham, G., Holt, D., Nolan, T. J., Ashton, F. T. et. al. (1997). Barren Female Strongyloides stercoralis from Occult Chronic Infections are Rejuvenated by Transfer to Parasite-Naive Recipient Hosts and Give Rise to an Autoinfective Burst. The Journal of Parasitology, 83 (5), 785–791. doi: http://doi.org/10.2307/3284268
  • Cervone, M., Giannelli, A., Otranto, D., Perrucci, S. (2016). Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in an immunosuppressed dog from France. Revue Vétérinaire Clinique, 51 (2), 55–59. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anicom.2016.05.001
  • Graham, J. A., Sato, M., Moore, A. R., McGrew, A. K., Ballweber, L. R., Byas, A. D., Dowers, K. L. (2019). Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a dog following long-term treatment with budesonide. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 254 (8), 974–978. doi: http://doi.org/10.2460/javma.254.8.974
  • Eydal, M., Skírnisson, K. (2016). Strongyloides stercoralis found in imported dogs, household dogs and kennel dogs in Iceland. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences, 29, 39–51. doi: http://doi.org/10.16886/ias.2016.04
  • Requena-Méndez, A., Chiodini, P., Bisoffi, Z., Buonfrate, D., Gotuzzo, E., Muñoz, J. (2013). The Laboratory Diagnosis and Follow Up of Strongyloidiasis: A Systematic Review. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7 (1), e2002. doi: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002002
  • Goka, A. K. J., Rolston, D. D. K., Mathan, V. I., Farthing, M. J. G. (1990). Diagnosis of Strongyloides and hookworm infections: comparison of faecal and duodenal fluid microscopy. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 84 (6), 829–831. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(90)90098-y
  • Hall, E. J., Rutgers, H. C., Batt, R. M. (1988). Evaluation of the peroral string test in the diagnosis of canine giardiasis. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 29 (3), 177–183. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1988.tb02275.x
  • Cvetkovikj, A., Rashikj, L., Celeska, I., Petrov, E. A., Angjelovski, B., Cvetkovikj, I. et. al. (2018). First Case of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in a Dog in the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian Veterinary Review, 41 (1), 95–98. doi: http://doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0032
  • Zanzani, S. A., Di Cerbo, A. R., Gazzonis, A. L., Genchi, M., Rinaldi, L., Musella, V. et. al. (2014). Canine Fecal Contamination in a Metropolitan Area (Milan, North-Western Italy): Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Evaluation of Health Risks. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1–6. doi: http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/132361
  • Kostopoulou, D., Claerebout, E., Arvanitis, D., Ligda, P., Voutzourakis, N., Casaert, S., Sotiraki, S. (2017). Abundance, zoonotic potential and risk factors of intestinal parasitism amongst dog and cat populations: The scenario of Crete, Greece. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-1989-8
  • Štrkolcová, G., Goldová, M., Bocková, E., Mojžišová, J. (2017). The roundworm Strongyloides stercoralis in children, dogs, and soil inside and outside a segregated settlement in Eastern Slovakia: frequent but hardly detectable parasite. Parasitology Research, 116 (3), 891–900. doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5362-1
  • Dashchenko, S. O. (2019). Distribution of canine strongyloidiasis under conditions of a private kennel. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 10 (4), 101–107. doi: http://doi.org/10.31548/ujvs2019.04.013
  • Itoh, N., Muraoka, N., Aoki, M., Itagaki, T. (2003). Prevalence of Strongyloides spp. Infection in Household Dogs. Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, 77 (6), 430–435. doi: http://doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.77.430
  • Kornyushin, V. V., Malyshko, E. I., Malega, O. M. (2013). Domestic dogs and cats as the reservoir of natural nidi and zoonotic helminthoses under present conditions in Ukraine. Veterinarna Medicina, 97, 383–387.
  • Boyko, О. О., Faly, L. I., Brygadyrenko, V. V. (2011). Parasites diversity in carnivorous animals in the territory of Dnipropetrovsk. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2 (2), 3–7. doi: http://doi.org/10.15421/021121
  • Bowman, D. D. (2013). Georgis' Parasitology For Veterinarians. Saunders, 496.
  • Foreyt, B. (2013). Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual. Hoboken: Wiley, 256.
  • Dashchenko, S. O., Soroka, N. M., Galat, M. V., Semenko, O. V. (2020). Pat. No. 142234 UA. A method for diagnosing strongyloidiasis in dogs using a modified string test.
  • International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (1985). Genebra: CIOMS, 28. Available at: https://cioms.ch/publications/product/international-guiding-principles-for-biomedical-research-involving-animals-2/
  • Soroka, N. M., Dashchenko, S. O. (2017). Clinical cases of strongyloidosis of dogs in Kiev. Actual problems of veterinary parasitology at the present stage. Vitebsk, 116–120. Available at: http://repo.vsavm.by/handle/123456789/3866
  • Paradies, P., Iarussi, F., Sasanelli, M., Capogna, A., Lia, R. P., Zucca, D. et. al. (2017). Occurrence of strongyloidiasis in privately owned and sheltered dogs: clinical presentation and treatment outcome. Parasites & Vectors, 10 (1). doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2275-5
  • Pires, M. L., Dreyer, G. (1993). Revendo a importância do Strongyloides stercoralis. Revista do Hospital das Clinicas, 48, 175–182.