Miocene paleotopography and paleoclimate based on paired stable isotope compositions in Namling Basin, south Tibet

This supporting information contains four datasets asTable 1 in the main text and Table S1, Table S2, and Table S3 in the supplementary file. Table S1 is the zircon U-Pb dating of two tuff samples. Both samples were collected in 2016 at the bottom and at the top of the measured section to constrain the precisely formed timing of the samples. U-Pb dating was processed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) and calculated by the GLITTER_V4.0.

Table S2 is a summary Miocene δ²H data, δ¹⁸O data, and vegetation associations in the Miocene Tibetan Plateau basins from literature. These data were from our study in Namling Basin and previous work (Spicer et al., 2003; Currie et al., 2016; Khan et al., 2014); Lunpola Basin (Polissar et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2014), Hoh Xil Basin (Polissar et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015), and Qaidam basin (Zhuang et al., 2014; Miao et al., 2013) as well as the biotite δ2H data from Himalaya (Gebélin et al., 2013). Paleometeoric water δD_w values are calculated by applying the average established and local apparent fractionation factor of -111±14‰ in the Namling, Lunpola and Hoh Xil basins and -102‰ in the Qaidam Basin (Zhuang et al., 2014). b. Paleometoric water δ¹⁸O_w values are calculated by the calcite-water equation (Kim and O'Neil, 1997) with carbonate forming temperatures of 14.6±3.6°C in the Namling Basin, Lunpola Basin and Hoh Xil Basin (Deng et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2015; Ingalls et al., 2017).

Table S3 is a summary of the stable isotope of the surface water across the Tibetan Plateau. These data were from the previous literature (Quade et al., 2011; Hren et al., 2009; Bershaw et al., 2012).