ANAPHES Haliday, 1833

(Figs 120–141)

Anaphes Haliday, 1833a: 268, 1833b: 346. Type species: Anaphes fuscipennis Haliday, 1833, by designation under the Plenary Powers of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2017: 122 (Opinion 2401).

Panthus Walker, 1846: 50. Type species: Panthus crassicornis Walker, 1846, by subsequent designation by Gahan & Fagan, 1923: 10. Synonymy by Graham, 1982: 202.

Patasson Walker, 1846: viii. Type species: Panthus crassicornis Walker, 1846, by monotypy. Synonymy by Debauche, 1949: 64.

Flabrinus Rondani, 1877: 180. Type species: Flabrinus fabarius Rondani, 1877, by monotypy. Synonymy by Bouček, 1974: 248.

Anaphoidea Girault, 1909 [61]: 167. Type species: Anaphoidea sordidata Girault, 1909, by original designation. Synonymy by Debauche, 1949: 64.

Clinomymar Kieffer, 1913: 100. Type species: Clinomymar peyerimhoffi Kieffer, 1913, by monotypy. Synonymy by Debauche, 1949: 63.

Yungaburra Girault, 1933 [440]: 5. Type species: Anaphoidea nitens Girault, by monotypy. De facto synonymy by Huber, 1992: 32.

Synanaphes Soyka, 1946b: 181. Type species: Synanaphes ranalteris Soyka, 1946, by original designation. De facto synonymy by Huber, 1992: 32.

Ferrierella Soyka, 1946b: 182. Type species: Ferrierella neopratensis Soyka, 1946, by original designation. De facto synonymy by Huber, 1992: 32.

Hofenederia Soyka, 1946b: 183. Type species: Hofenederia pectoralis Soyka, 1946, by original designation. De facto synonymy by Huber, 1992: 32.

Fulmekiella Soyka, 1946b: 184. Type species: Fulmekiella hundsheimensis Soyka, 1946, by original designation. De facto synonymy by Huber, 1992: 32.

Stammeriella Soyka, 1950a: 120. Type species: Stammeriella wolfsthali Soyka, 1950, by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke & Doutt, 1961c: 19.

Antoniella Soyka, 1950a: 121. Type species: Fulmekiella stubaiensis Soyka, 1950, by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke & Doutt, 1961c: 21.

Mariella Soyka, 1950a: 123. Type species: Mariella superaddita Soyka, 1950, by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke & Doutt, 1961c: 21.

Anaphes (Austranaphes) Ogloblin, 1962: 49. Type species: Anaphes (Austranaphes) amplipennis Ogloblin, 1962, by original designation. De facto synonymy by Huber, 1992: 32.

Diagnosis. Body length 280–890 μm. Body almost always uniform black or dark brown (Fig. 120); fore wing with posterior margin straight to distinctly concave, with apex slightly asymmetrical (anterior margin usually more curved than posterior margin), and with both dorsal and ventral surfaces almost always uniformly covered with microtrichia except for two more or less distinct bare areas (the marginal and medial spaces) separated by an oblique row of microtrichia extending from just behind apex of stigmal vein towards wing apex (Fig. 120); wing retinaculum with a socketed seta near apex; petiole a thin, narrow and almost vertical crescent longitudinally divided medially; gaster with gt 1 divided medially by a longitudinal sulcus (Fig. 135); ovipositor base enclosed in a somewhat membranous gastral sac often anteriorly projecting more or less strongly under mesosoma (Fig. 133).

Discussion. Considerable literature exists on various species of Anaphes because of their actual or potential use as biological control agents of economically important weevils (Curculionidae) and leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae). Many of the species identifications in the literature are likely or definitely wrong, e.g., as shown by Triapitsyn (2014c). Huber & Thuróczy (2018) reviewed the genus and Huber (2018) made important corrections to that review. Two subgenera, A. (Anaphes) and A. (Patasson), are recognized.

Nearctic hosts. Coleoptera: Byrrhidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae. Hemiptera: Gerridae, Miridae. Diptera: Ephydridae.

Important references. Huber (1992, 2006) for the Nearctic, Huber & Thuróczy (2018) for Europe, with a world checklist and catalogue.