We used literature data, museum collections, and fieldwork to compile a list of records and produce a distribution map of Sympetrum croceolum in the Russian part of its range from where the species was little known to odonatologists outside of Russia for a long time. A detailed description of the fourth record of the species in Western Siberia (Chernyy Mys village, Kolyvanskiy District, Novosibirsk Province), which is globally the northernmost record of the species, is given. We suppose that the West Siberian S. croceolum populations originate from westward migrations from the eastern core part of the species' range. Morphometric analysis of specimens from different populations showed that variation of the hind wing size is within the individual variability of S. croceolum. By breeding S. croceolum in an aquarium from an egg clutch, information on the period of embryonic development and morphometric characteristics of eggs and larvae of younger instars was obtained. The subspecies Sympetrum croceolum fuscoatrum Belyshev, 1964, is synonymised with the nominotypical subspecies.