Begonia (sect. Sphenanthera) longifolia Blume (Blume 1823
Creators
- 1. Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, 20 a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH 5 3 LR, United Kingdom.
Description
Begonia longifolia Blume [sect. Sphenanthera]
Fig. 37
Catalogus: 102 (Blume 1823). – Diploclinium longifolium (Blume) Miq., Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 1 (1): 687 (Miquel 1856).
– Type: Indonesia, Sumatra, Salak, Blume 740 (lecto-: B100238313, here designated).
Casparya trisulcata A.DC., Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, Sér. 4, 11: 119 (de Candolle 1859). – Begonia trisulcata (A.DC.) Warb., Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (abt. 6a): 142 (Warburg 1894).
– Type: Indonesia, Java, Mt. Jojing, 1 May 1845, Zollinger 2850 (lecto-: G-DC, here designated; isolecto-: B, BM, P01900669).
Begonia inflata C.B.Clarke, Flora of British India 2: 636 (Clarke 1879).
– Type: Myanmar ‘Birma’, Griffith 2587 (lecto-: K000761388; isolecto-: B, GH00091698, K000761387, P05587760).
Begonia sarcocarpa Ridl., Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8 (4): 38 (Ridley 1917a).
– Type: Indonesia, West Sumatra, Korinchi, Barong Baru, 5 Jun. 1914, Robinson & Kloss 61 (lecto-: BM000017330, here designated).
Begonia turbinata Ridl., Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8 (4): 37 (Ridley 1917a).
– Type: Indonesia, West Sumatra, Korinchi, Siolak Dras, 15 Mar. 1914, Robinson & Kloss s.n. (lecto-: BM000017335; isolecto-: BM, K000761216).
Begonia tricornis Ridl., Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 75: 35 (Ridley 1917b).
– Type: Malaysia, Pahang, Telom, Nov. 1900, Ridley 14123 (lecto-: SING0055970, here designated; isolecto-: K000501077).
Begonia crassirostris Irmsch., Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg 10: 513 (Irmscher 1939).
– Type: China, Hainan, Lam Ko District, Lin Fa Shan, 2 Aug. 1927, Tsang Wai Tak 278 (lecto-: E00051639; isolecto-:, G n.v., K000761123, MO n.v., UC n.v.).
Begonia roxburghii auct. non (Miq.) A.DC.: Ridley in Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 4: 20 (Ridley 1909).
Begonia roxburghii auct. non (Miq.) A.DC.: Ridley in Flora of the Malay Peninsula 1: 854 (Ridley 1922).
Citations in other publications
As B. longifolia: Blume (1827: 97), de Candolle (1864: 398), Koorders (1912: 650), Tebbitt (2003a: 25), Tebbitt (2005: 168), Kiew (2005: 107), Gu et al. (2007: 184), Hughes (2008: 72), Peng & Ku (2009: 241), Morris (2010c: 6), Hughes & Girmansyah (2011: 29); as Casparya trisulcata: de Candolle (1864: 277), Warburg (1894: 142); as B. inflata: Clarke (1881: 115), Burkill (1924: 412), Craib (1931: 774), Grierson (1991: 242), Tebbitt (2003a: 25), Uddin (2007: 594), Dash (2010: 34); as B. sarcocarpa: Tebbitt (2003a: 27); as B. turbinata: Tebbitt (2003a: 28); as B. tricornis: Tebbitt (2003a: 25); as B. crassirostris: Tebbitt (2003a: 25).
Other material
INDIA: Arunachal-Pradesh: Babuk, Nov. 1911 – Mar. 1912, Burkill 37656 (n.v.); Igar Valley, Nov. 1911 – Mar. 1912, Burkill 37523 (n.v.); Kalek, Nov. 1911 – Mar. 1912, Burkill 37564 (n.v.); Mouth of the Sirsug River, 30 Dec. 1911, Burkill 37586 (K); Tidding Valley, Theronhaing, 9 Mar. 1927, Ward 7936 (K). Meghalaya: Shillong, Pangu-Minguing, 16 May 1958, Rao 17711 (CAL n.v.). Mizoram: Hmuifang, Dec. 1927, Parry 430 (K).
Description
Caulescent, erect, monoecious herb, 50–200 cm high. Stem: stout, ca 10 mm wide, glabrous, internodes 3–8 cm long. Stipules: lanceolate to linear, 7–15 × 2–5 mm, glabrous, deciduous. Leaves: petiole 2–7(–14) cm long, glabrous or very sparsely puberulous; lamina lanceolate-oblong, basifixed, base shallowly cordate to subcordate, 4.5–22 × 1.5–10 cm, strongly asymmetric, upper surface dark green, glabrous, underside pale green, glabrous or sparsely puberulous on veins mostly, venation palmatepinnate, midrib 4.5–15 cm long; margin broadly dentate to denticulate; margin with sparse hairs to glabrous; apex acuminate. Inflorescence: cymose, axillary, numerous; peduncle glabrous, branching 1–2 times, primary and secondary 2–10 mm long, with 1– 2 female and 1– 3 male flowers; bracts lanceolate, 2–12 × 1–5 mm, entire, caduceus. Male flower: pedicel 5–13 mm long, glabrous; tepals 4; outer tepals orbicular to obovate, ca 10 × 9 mm, white to pink, glabrous; inner tepals spathulate, 4–8 × 2–7 mm, white to pink, glabrous; androecium with 30–60 stamens, symmetric; filaments 1–1.5 mm long, free; anthers oblong elliptic, 1–3 mm long, dehiscing through slits about half the length of the anther, not hooded, connective extended. Female flower: pedicel ca 14 mm long, glabrous; bracteoles absent; tepals 4–6, equal, elliptic, 5–16 × 2–6 mm, white to pale pink, glabrous, inner tepals similar yet smaller; ovary 3-locular, placentae bifid; capsule globose, 3–10 × 3–7 mm, glabrous, without wings; styles 3, deeply forked once and twisted twice, deciduous. Fruit: on stout pedicel, globose; capsule spherical, fleshy, glabrous, 6–12 × 8–15 mm.
Distribution and phenology
Arunachal-Pradesh and Meghalaya; also in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia Peninsular, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi and the Moluccas; 200–1550 m. Flowering: May to November; fruiting: June to December.
Conservation status
Least Concern (Hughes 2008). Begonia longifolia is a very widespread and ecologically tolerant species found throughout Southeast Asia, with no significant change in recent years to warrant a change in its status.
Remarks
Begonia longifolia is most similar to B. acetosella in vegetative appearance; when fertile it can be easily distinguished as it is monoecious and has 3- (not 4-)locular fruit. The leaves of B. longifolia can approach those of B. sect. Monopteron (B. griffithiana and B. nepalensis), but B. longifolia has an upright habit rather than the pendulous habit of those species. Begonia longifolia forms a natural hybrid with B. palmata where the two are growing together, Begonia × chungii C.I Peng & S.-M.Ku (Peng & Ku 2009) which has been reported from the study area (Morris 2011a). This hybrid has baccate fruit with wings, intermediate in form between the parents.
Begonia longifolia is lectotypified here as others (Tebbitt 2003a; Kiew 2005; Gu et al. 2007; Hughes & Girmansyah 2011) have listed a holotype in error as there is no herbarium mentioned in the protologue (McNeill 2014). This is also true of Casparaya trisulcata, B. sarcocarpa and B. tricornis.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- B , B, BM , BM , E , G , G-DC , K , MO , P , SING , UC
- Event date
- 1845-05-01 , 1914-03-15 , 1914-06-05 , 1927-08-02
- Family
- Begoniaceae
- Genus
- Begonia
- Kingdom
- Plantae
- Material sample ID
- B100238313 , BM000017330 , BM000017335 , E00051639 , GH00091698 , K000501077 , K000761123 , K000761216 , K000761387 , K000761388 , P01900669 , P05587760 , SING0055970
- Order
- Cucurbitales
- Phylum
- Tracheophyta
- Scientific name authorship
- Blume (Blume
- Species
- longifolia
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- isolectotype , lectotype
- Verbatim event date
- 1845-05-01 , 1914-03-15 , 1914-06-05 , 1927-08-02
- Taxonomic concept label
- Begonia (sect. Sphenanthera) longifolia (Blume, 1823 sec. Camfield & Hughes, 2018
References
- Blume C. L. 1823. Catalogus van eenige der merkwaardigste zoo in-als uit-heemsche gewassen, te vinden in ' s lands plantentuin te Buitenzorg. Batavia. Available from https: // books. google. nl / books? id = fyxTAAAAcAAJ & printsec = frontcover & hl = nl & source = gbs _ ge _ summary _ r & cad = 0 # v = onepage & q & f = false [accessed May 2009].
- Miquel F. A. W. 1856. Begoniaceae. In: Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 1 (1): 683 - 696. Van der Post, Amsterdam. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 93
- Candolle A. L. P. P. de. 1859. Memoire sur la famille des Begoniaceae. Annales des sciences naturelles. Botanique 4 (11): 93 - 149. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41585740 [accessed May 2009].
- Warburg O. 1894. Begoniaceae. In: Engler A. & Prantl K. A. E. Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten Teil 3: Abteilung 6 und 6 a: 121 - 150. Engelmann, Leipzig. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4635
- Clarke C. B. 1879. Begoniaceae. In: Hooker J. D. (ed.) Flora of British India 2: 636 - 656. London.
- Ridley H. N. 1917 a. Results of an expedition to Korinchi Peak, Sumatra. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 8 (4): 13 - 135.
- Ridley H. N. 1917 b. New and rare Malayan plants. Series IX. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 75: 5 - 38.
- Irmscher E. 1939. Die Begoniaceen Chinas. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fur allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg 10: 525 - 534.
- Ridley H. N. 1909. The flora of the Telom and Batang Padang valleys. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 4: 1 - 98. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 19042968 [accessed Jun. 2009].
- Ridley H. N. 1922. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 1: 854. Reeve & Co., London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10921
- Blume C. L. 1827. Enumeratio Plantarum Javae et insularum adjacentium 1: 97. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud J. W. van Leeuwen. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 31162912 [accessed May 2009].
- Candolle A. L. P. P. de. 1864. Begoniaceae. In: Candolle A. L. P. P. de (ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. Vol. 15 (1): 266 - 408.
- Koorders S. H. 1912. Exkursionsflora von Java 2: 650. Fischer, Jena.
- Tebbitt M. C. 2003 a. Taxonomy of B. longifolia and related species. Brittonia 55: 19 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1663 / 0007 - 196 X (2003) 055 % 5 B 0019: TOBLBB % 5 D 2.0. CO; 2
- Tebbitt M. C. 2005. Begonias: cultivation, identification and natural history. 208. Timber Press Incorporated.
- Kiew R. 2005. Begonias of Peninsular Malaysia: 107. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia.
- Gu C., Peng C. - I & Turland N. J. 2007. Begoniaceae. In: Wu Z. Y., Raven P. H. & Hong D. Y. (eds) Flora of China 13: 153 - 207. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Missouri.
- Hughes M. 2008. An annotated checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
- Peng C. - I & Ku S. - M. 2009. Begonia × chungii (Begoniaceae), a new natural hybrid in Taiwan. Botanical Studies 50 (2): 241 - 250.
- Morris R. 2010 c. B. acetosella Craib. and B. longifolia Blume: Giants among Indian Begonias. The Begonian 77: 6 - 9.
- Hughes M. & Girmansyah D. 2011. A revision of Begonia sect. Sphenanthera (Hassk.) Warb. (Begoniaceae) from Sumatra. Garden's Bulletin Singapore 62 (2): 239 - 251. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 43635271 [accessed Sep. 2012].
- Clarke C. B. 1881. On Indian Begonias. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18: 114 - 122, pl. 1 - 3. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 230642 [accessed May 2009].
- Burkill I. H. 1924. Botany of the Abor Expedition. Records of the Botanical Survey of India 10: 1 - 420.
- Craib W. G. 1931. Florae siamensis enumeratio: a list of the plants known from Siam, with records of their occurrence 1: 772. Bangkok Time Press, Bangkok.
- Grierson A. J. C. 1991. Begoniaceae. In: Grierson A. J. C. & Long D. J. Flora of Bhutan 2: 237 - 246. Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Edinbugh.
- Uddin A. 2007. Distribution and status of India Begonia species. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 31 (3): 591 - 597.
- Dash S. S. 2010. Native species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae) in Arunachal-Pradesh-diversity and distribution. Bulletin of Arunachal Forest Research 26: 29 - 43.
- Morris R. 2011 a. Begonia × chungii natural hybrid in Arunachal-Pradesh. The Begonian 78: 18 - 1.
- McNeill J. 2014. Holotype specimens and type citations: General issues. Taxon 63 (5): 1112 - 1113. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 635.7