Californium Nanoparticles and Human Cancer Treatment: Commemorating the 100th (1920–2020) Anniversary of the California South University (CSU)

The calculations showed that in Californium nanoparticles, light absorption in Plasmon frequency causes to
increase in temperature of the surrounding environment of nanoparticles. In addition, it showed that adding a
thin silica layer around the Californium nanospheres increases their temperatures. Calculations of nanorods
showed that due to ability for shifting surface Plasmon frequency toward longer wavelength as well as more
increase in temperature, this nanostructure is more appropriate for medical applications such as optothermal
human cancer cells, tissues and tumors treatments. In the current study, thermoplasmonic characteristics of
Californium nanoparticles with spherical, core–shell and rod shapes are investigated. In order to investigate
these characteristics, interaction of synchrotron radiation emission as a function of the beam energy and
Californium nanoparticles were simulated using 3D finite element method. Firstly, absorption and extinction
cross sections were calculated. Then, increases in temperature due to synchrotron radiation emission as a
function of the beam energy absorption were calculated in Californium nanoparticles by solving heat
equation. The obtained results show that Californium nanorods are more appropriate option for using in
optothermal human cancer cells, tissues and tumors treatment method.