Figure 43. Phylogeny of stem crocodyliforms. Maximum parsimony and bootstrap analysis of representative stem crocodyliforms scored for 252 characters using the protosuchian Orthosuchus as an outgroup. Taxon names in red highlight those species described here. The character list, character-state matrix, and apomorphy list (for one of the minimum-length trees) are available in the Appendix. A Strict consensus tree based on 4 minimum-length trees (TL = 986, consistency index = 0.34; retention index = 0.64) from maximum-parsimony analysis using PAUP* (Swofford 1998) of all 42 ingroup crocodyliforms, which places Hsisosuchus and Thalattosuchia at the base of Crocodyliformes, recognizes a diverse Notosuchia including Anatosuchus and Araripesuchus, and positions several taxa including Kaprosuchus and Laganosuchus within Neosuchia. B 50%-majority-rule consensus tree based on 2000 bootstrap replicate parsimony analyses on 40 ingroup crocodyliforms (excluding for computational effi ciency the poorly known taxa Araripesuchus rattoides and Laganosuchus thaumastos). The bootstrap result recognizes less structure at the base of Metasuchia and within Notosuchia. Taxon names (circled numbers) are positioned on nodes and stems to reflect their node- and stem-based phylogenetic definitions, respectively (Sereno 2005; Larsson and Sues 2007). Abbreviations: 1, Mesoeucrocodylia; 2, Thalattosuchia; 3, Metasuchia; 4, Notosuchia; 5, Neosuchia; 6, Sebecia; 7, Mahajangasuchidae; 8, Pholidosauridae; 9, Crocodylia.