Published May 17, 2017 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

The Biomechanics Behind Extreme Osteophagy in Tyrannosaurus rex

  • 1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 74107-1898, USA.
  • 2. Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-4295, USA

Description

Paul M. Gignac, Gregory M. Erickson (2017): The Biomechanics Behind Extreme Osteophagy in Tyrannosaurus rex. Scientific Reports 7: 2012, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02161-w

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFCFFF83055BD615FFE8FFB72B53FFD4
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFCFFF83055BD615FFE8FFB72B53FFD4

References

  • 1. Biknevicius, A. R. & Ruff, C. B. The structure of the mandibular corpus and its relationship to feeding behaviours in extant carnivorans. J.Zool 228, 479-507, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04450.x (1992).
  • 2. Fosse, P.et al. Bone modification by modern wolf (Canis lupus): A taphonomic study from their natural feeding places.J.Taphon 10, 197-217 (2012).
  • 3. Hill, A. P. Early postmortem damage to the remains of some contemporary East African mammals in Fossils in the Making: Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology (eds Behrensmeyer, A. K. & Hill, A. P.) 131-152 (Univ.Chicago Press 1980).
  • 4. Carter, D.R.& Beaupre,G. S. Skeletal Function and Form:Mechanobiology of Skeletal Development, Aging, and Regeneration 318 (Cambridge Univ. Press 2001).
  • 5. Cochran, G. V.B.A Primer of Orthopaedic Biomechanics 413 (Churchill Livingstone 1982).
  • 6. Auffenberg, W.The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor 409 (University Press of Florida 1981).
  • 7. D'Amore,D.C. & Blumenschine, R. J. Using striated tooth marks on bone to predict body size in theropod dinosaurs:a model based on feeding observations of Varanus komodoensis, the Komodo monitor. Paleobiol 38, 79-100, doi:10.1017/S0094837300000415 (2012).
  • 8. Erickson, G. M. et al. Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and toothpressure experimentation. PLoS ONE 7, e31781, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781 (2012).
  • 9. Drumheller, S. & Brochu, C. A diagnosis of Alligator mississippiensis bite marks with comparisons to existing crocodylian datasets. Ichnos 12, 131-146, doi:10.1080/10420940.2014.909353 (2014).
  • 10. Beasley, D.E., Koltz,A. M., Lambert, J.E., Fierer, N. & Dunn, R. R.The evolution of stomach acidity and its relevance to the human microbiome.PLoS ONE 10, e0134116, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134116 (2015).
  • 11. Bertran, J.& Margalida, A.Interactive behaviour between bearded vultures Gypaetus barbatus and common ravens Corvus corax in the nesting sites: predation risk and kleptoparasitism.Ardeola 51, 269-74 (2004).
  • 12. Wood, W.B.Forensic identification in fatal crocodile attacks in Forensic Approaches to Death, Disaster and Abuse (ed. Oxenham, M.) 243-260 (Australian Academic Press 2008).
  • 13. Rogers, R. R., Krause, D.W.& Rogers, K. C. Cannibalism in the Madagascan dinosaur Majungatholus atopus. Nature 422, 515-518, doi:10.1038/nature01532 (2003).
  • 14. Gignac, P.M., Makovicky,P.J., Erickson,G. M.& Walsh, R.P.A description of Deinonychus antirrhopus bite marks and estimates of bite force using tooth indentation simulations. J.Vert.Paleo. 30, 1169-1177, doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483535 (2010).
  • 15. DePalma, R. A. II., Burnham, D. A., Martin, L. D., Rothschild, B. M. & Larson, P. L. Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex. Proc. Nat.Acad.Sci. USA 110, 12560-12564, doi:10.1073/pnas.1216534110 (2013).
  • 16. Farlow, J. O. & Brinkman, D. L. Wear surfaces on the teeth of tyrannosaurs in The Paleontological Society Special Publication (eds Rosenberg, D.L. & Wolberg, D. L.) 165-175 (Univ. of Tennessee Dept.Geological Sciences 1994).
  • 17. Erickson, G.M.& Olson, K.H. Bite marks attributable to Tyrannosaurus rex: preliminary description and implications.J.Vert.Paleo 16, 175-178, doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011297 (1996).
  • 18. Happ,J.W.Periosteal reaction to injuries of the supraorbital horn and squamosal of an adult Triceratops (Dinosauria:Ceratopsidae). J. Vert. Paleo. Suppl. 3 23, 59A stable URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/4524374 (2003).
  • 19. Carpenter, K.Evidence of predatory behavior by carnivorous dinosaurs in Aspects of Theropod Paleobiology (eds Perez-Moreno, B. P., Holtz, T. J., Sanz, J. L.& Mortalla, J.) 135-144 (Gaia:Revista de Geosciencias, Museu Nacional de Historia Natural 1998).
  • 20. Longrich, N.R., Horner, J.R., Erickson, G. M. & Currie, P.J. Cannibalism in Tyrannosaurus rex. PLoS ONE 5, e13419, doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0013419 (2010).
  • 21. Jacobsen, A.R.Feeding behaviour of carnivorous dinosaurs as determined by tooth marks on dinosaur bones.Hist. Biol.13, 17-26, doi:10.1080/08912969809386569 (1998).
  • 22. Chin, K., Tokaryk, T. T., Erickson, G. M. & Calk, L. C. A king-sized theropod coprolite. Nature 393, 680-682, doi:10.1038/31461 (1998).
  • 23. Chin, K.et al. Remarkable preservation of undigested muscle tissue within a Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurid coprolite from Alberta, Canada. Palaios 18, 286-294, doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2003)018<0286:RPOUMT>2.0.CO;2 (2003).
  • 24. Erickson, G.M.Incremental lines of von Ebner in dinosaurs and the assessment of tooth replacement rates using growth line counts. Proc. Nat.Acad.Sci. USA 93, 14623-14627, doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14623 (1996).
  • Erickson, G.M.Incremental lines of von Ebner in dinosaurs and the assessment of tooth replacement rates using growth line counts. Proc. Nat.Acad.Sci. USA 93, 14623-14627, doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14623 (1996).
  • 25. Erickson, G. M. et al. Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones. Nature 382, 706-708, doi:10.1038/382706a0 (1996).
  • 26. Varricchio, D. J. Gut contents from a Cretaceous tyrannosaurid: implications for theropod dinosaur digestive tracts. J. Paleo. 75, 401-406, doi:10.1017/S0022336000018199 (2001).
  • Varricchio, D. J. Gut contents from a Cretaceous tyrannosaurid: implications for theropod dinosaur digestive tracts. J. Paleo. 75, 401-406, doi:10.1017/S0022336000018199 (2001).
  • 27. Erickson, G. M. Breathing life into T. rex. Sci.Am. 23, 38-45, doi:10.1038/scientificamericandinosaurs0514-38 (2014).
  • 28. Meers, M. B. Maximum bite force and prey size of Tyrannosaurus rex and their relationships to the inference of feeding behavior. Hist. Biol 16, 1-12, doi:10.1080/0891296021000050755 (2002).
  • Meers, M. B. Maximum bite force and prey size of Tyrannosaurus rex and their relationships to the inference of feeding behavior. Hist. Biol 16, 1-12, doi:10.1080/0891296021000050755 (2002).
  • 29. Therrien, F., Henderson, D. M. & Huff, C. B. Bite me: biomechanical models of theropod mandibles and implications for feeding behavior in The Carnivorous Dinosaurs (ed. Carpenter, K.) 179-237 (Indiana Univ.Press 2005).
  • 30. Erickson, G. M., Lappin, A. K. & Vliet, K. A. The ontogeny of bite-force performance in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J.Zool.Lond 260, 317-327, doi:10.1017/S0952836903003819 (2003).
  • Erickson, G. M., Lappin, A. K. & Vliet, K. A. The ontogeny of bite-force performance in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J.Zool.Lond 260, 317-327, doi:10.1017/S0952836903003819 (2003).
  • 31. Bates,K.T.& Falkingham, P.L. Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics. Biol.Lett. 8, 660-664, doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0056 (2012).
  • 32. Gignac, P.M. Biomechanics and the ontogeny of feeding in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): reconciling factors contributing to intraspecific niche differentiation in a large-bodied vertebrate.PhD thesis, Florida State University (2010).
  • Gignac, P.M. Biomechanics and the ontogeny of feeding in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): reconciling factors contributing to intraspecific niche differentiation in a large-bodied vertebrate.PhD thesis, Florida State University (2010).
  • 33. Gignac, P. M. & Erickson, G. M. Ontogenetic changes in dental form and tooth pressures facilitate developmental niche shifts in American alligators.J.Zool. 295, 123-142, doi:10.1111/jzo.12187 (2015).
  • 34. Holliday, C. M. & Witmer, L.M. Archosaur adductor chamber evolution: integration of musculoskeletal and topological criteria in jaw muscle homology. J.Morph 268, 457-484, doi:10.1002/jmor.10524 (2007).
  • Holliday, C. M. & Witmer, L.M. Archosaur adductor chamber evolution: integration of musculoskeletal and topological criteria in jaw muscle homology. J.Morph 268, 457-484, doi:10.1002/jmor.10524 (2007).
  • 35. Gignac,P.M. & Erickson, G. M.Ontogenetic bite-force modeling of Alligator mississippiensis: implications for dietary transitions in a large-bodied vertebrate and the evolution of crocodylian feeding. J.Zool. 299, 229-238, doi:10.1111/jzo.12349 (2016).
  • 36. Molnar, R. E. Reconstruction of the jaw musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex in Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King (eds Larson, P. & Carpenter, K.) 254-281 (Indiana Univ. Press 2008).
  • Molnar, R. E. Reconstruction of the jaw musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex in Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King (eds Larson, P. & Carpenter, K.) 254-281 (Indiana Univ. Press 2008).
  • 37. Larson, P.L.Tyrannosaurus Sex in Dino Fest Proceedings, Paleontological Society Special Publ. #7 (eds Rosenberg, G. & Wolberg, D.) 139-155 (1994).
  • Larson, P.L.Tyrannosaurus Sex in Dino Fest Proceedings, Paleontological Society Special Publ. #7 (eds Rosenberg, G. & Wolberg, D.) 139-155 (1994).
  • 38. Erickson, G. M., Gignac, P.M., Lappin, A. K., Vliet, K.A. & Webb, G. J.W. A comparative analysis of ontogenetic bite-force scaling among Crocodylia.J.Zool.292, 48-55, doi:10.1111/jzo.12081 (2014).
  • Erickson, G. M., Gignac, P.M., Lappin, A. K., Vliet, K.A. & Webb, G. J.W. A comparative analysis of ontogenetic bite-force scaling among Crocodylia.J.Zool.292, 48-55, doi:10.1111/jzo.12081 (2014).
  • 39. Turner, C.H., Wang, T.& Burr,D.B.Shear strength and fatigue properties of human cortical bone determined from pure shear tests. Calcif.Tissue Int.69, 373-378, doi:10.1007/s00223-001-1006-1 (2001).
  • Turner, C.H., Wang, T.& Burr,D.B.Shear strength and fatigue properties of human cortical bone determined from pure shear tests. Calcif.Tissue Int.69, 373-378, doi:10.1007/s00223-001-1006-1 (2001).
  • 40. Erickson, G. M., Catanese, J. III & Keaveny, T. Evolution of the biomechanical material properties of the femur. Anat. Rec. 268, 115-124, doi:10.1002/ar.10145 (2002).
  • Erickson, G. M., Catanese, J. III & Keaveny, T. Evolution of the biomechanical material properties of the femur. Anat. Rec. 268, 115-124, doi:10.1002/ar.10145 (2002).
  • 41. Lucas, P.W.Dental Functional Morphology: How Teeth Work 335 (Cambridge Univ.Press 2004).
  • Lucas, P.W.Dental Functional Morphology: How Teeth Work 335 (Cambridge Univ.Press 2004).
  • 42. Evans, A. R., Hunter, J., Fortelius, M. & Sanson, G. D. The scaling of tooth sharpness in mammals. Ann. Zool.Fennici. 42, 603-613 (2005).
  • Evans, A. R., Hunter, J., Fortelius, M. & Sanson, G. D. The scaling of tooth sharpness in mammals. Ann. Zool.Fennici. 42, 603-613 (2005).
  • 43. Erickson, G.M. Toothlessness in American alligators.Copeia. 1996, 739-743, doi:10.2307/1447542 (1996).
  • Erickson, G.M. Toothlessness in American alligators.Copeia. 1996, 739-743, doi:10.2307/1447542 (1996).
  • 44. Wainwright, S. A., Biggs, W. D., Currey, J. D. & Gosline, J. M. Mechanical Design in Organisms. pp 423, (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ 1976).
  • Wainwright, S. A., Biggs, W. D., Currey, J. D. & Gosline, J. M. Mechanical Design in Organisms. pp 423, (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ 1976).
  • 45. Brueggen, J.Crocodilian tooth replacement.Croc. Spec. Grp. Newsl. 25, 17-18 (2006).
  • Brueggen, J.Crocodilian tooth replacement.Croc. Spec. Grp. Newsl. 25, 17-18 (2006).
  • 46. Enax, J. et al. Characterization of crocodile teeth: correlation of composition, microstructure, and hardness. J. Struct. Biol. 184, 155-163, doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2013.09.018 (2013).
  • Enax, J. et al. Characterization of crocodile teeth: correlation of composition, microstructure, and hardness. J. Struct. Biol. 184, 155-163, doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2013.09.018 (2013).
  • 47. Erickson, G. M. et al. Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature 430, 772-775, doi:10.1038/nature02699 (2004).
  • Erickson, G. M. et al. Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature 430, 772-775, doi:10.1038/nature02699 (2004).
  • 48. Binder, W. J.& Van Valkenburgh,B. Development of bite strength and feeding behavior in juvenile spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). J.Zool. Lond.252, 273-283, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00622.x (2000).
  • Binder, W. J.& Van Valkenburgh,B. Development of bite strength and feeding behavior in juvenile spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). J.Zool. Lond.252, 273-283, doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00622.x (2000).
  • 49. O'Connor, P. M. et al. The evolution of mammal-like crocodyliforms in the Cretaceous period of Gondwana. Nature 446, 748-751, doi:10.1038/nature09061 (2010).
  • O'Connor, P. M. et al. The evolution of mammal-like crocodyliforms in the Cretaceous period of Gondwana. Nature 446, 748-751, doi:10.1038/nature09061 (2010).
  • 50. Erickson, G.M.et al. Complex dental structure and wear biomechanics in hadrosaurid dinosaurs.Science 338, 98-101, doi:10.1126/ science.1224495 (2012).
  • Erickson, G.M.et al. Complex dental structure and wear biomechanics in hadrosaurid dinosaurs.Science 338, 98-101, doi:10.1126/ science.1224495 (2012).
  • 51. Erickson, G. M. et al. Wear biomechanics in the slicing dentition of the giant horned dinosaurs Triceratops. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500055-e1500055, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500055 (2015).
  • Erickson, G. M. et al. Wear biomechanics in the slicing dentition of the giant horned dinosaurs Triceratops. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500055-e1500055, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500055 (2015).
  • 52. Carr, T.& Williamson, T.E. Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria:Theropoda) from western North America. Zool.J.Linn. Soc.142, 479-523,doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00130.x (2004).
  • Carr, T.& Williamson, T.E. Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria:Theropoda) from western North America. Zool.J.Linn. Soc.142, 479-523,doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00130.x (2004).
  • 53. Gignac, P. M. & Kley, N. J.Iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging:methodological refinements for the study of soft-tissue anatomy of post-embryonic vertebrates. J.Exp. Zool.B (Mol. Dev.Evol) 322, 166-176, doi:10.1002/jez.b.22561 (2014).
  • Gignac, P. M. & Kley, N. J.Iodine-enhanced micro-CT imaging:methodological refinements for the study of soft-tissue anatomy of post-embryonic vertebrates. J.Exp. Zool.B (Mol. Dev.Evol) 322, 166-176, doi:10.1002/jez.b.22561 (2014).
  • 54. Gignac, P. M. et al. Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): an emerging tool for rapid, highresolution, 3-D imaging of metazoan soft tissues. J.Anat. 228, 889-909, doi:10.1111/joa.12449 (2016).
  • Gignac, P. M. et al. Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): an emerging tool for rapid, highresolution, 3-D imaging of metazoan soft tissues. J.Anat. 228, 889-909, doi:10.1111/joa.12449 (2016).
  • 55. Holliday, C. M.New insights into dinosaur jaw muscle anatomy.Anat.Rec. 292, 1246-1264, doi:10.1002/ar.20982 (2009).
  • Holliday, C. M.New insights into dinosaur jaw muscle anatomy.Anat.Rec. 292, 1246-1264, doi:10.1002/ar.20982 (2009).
  • 56. Gignac, P. M. & O'Brien, H. D. Suchian feeding success at the interface of ontogeny and macroevolution. Integr. Comp. Biol. 56, 448-458, doi:10.1093/icb/icw041 (2016).
  • Gignac, P. M. & O'Brien, H. D. Suchian feeding success at the interface of ontogeny and macroevolution. Integr. Comp. Biol. 56, 448-458, doi:10.1093/icb/icw041 (2016).
  • 57. Cleuren, J., Aerts, P.& de Vree, F.Bite and joint force analysis in Caiman crocodilus. Belg. J.Zool. 125, 79-94 (1995).
  • Cleuren, J., Aerts, P.& de Vree, F.Bite and joint force analysis in Caiman crocodilus. Belg. J.Zool. 125, 79-94 (1995).