Performance indicators of photovoltaic heat-pumps

In the last few decades, the demand for reversible heating and cooling systems has increased significantly,
together with the need to generate energy in a more efficient and sustainable way. Consequently, the concept of
solar photovoltaic (PV) powered heat pumps (HP) has become very attractive in order to match the heating/
cooling demand with a renewable and environmentally-friendly energy source. This paper presents a review of
the different solutions for PV-HP systems that have been studied theoretically and/or experimentally tested, and
of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that were mainly used. An analysis of these traditional KPIs has been
performed and their boundaries were identified. As a result, new KPIs (PR25, PRref,25, SPFPV-HP and SPFPV-HP,ref,25)
were proposed for trying to mitigate such limitations, as well as for evaluating not only the quality of the HP and
the PV system, but also the quality of their integration and the renewable character of the whole PV-HP system.
This paper is aimed to be framed in the common effort of the PV-HP research community to reach a set of KPIs
that allow comparing the different future works and, therefore, a set of recommendations and future research
lines are also proposed.