Cacopsylla jukyungi Kwon

Cacopsylla jukyuNGi (Kwon)

(FIGS. 3−4, 11−13, 33−38, 57, 59, 61)

Psylla (Hepatopsylla) jukyungi Kwon, 1983: 67.

Cacopsylla pyricola sensu Kim et al., 2000: 74; Kang et al., 2012: 145; Park et al., 2013: 72; Park et al., 2016: 194, nec Foerster, 1848: 77.

Caccopsylla [sic!] pyricola sensu Kim et al., 2007: 228, nec Foerster, 1848: 77.

Cacopsylla cinereosignata Luo et al., 2012: 69, syn. nov.

Cacopsylla chinensis sensu Inoue et al., 2012: 83; Cho & Lee, 2015: 64, nec Yang & Li, 1981: 37.

Material examined. Japan: WINTER FORM ‘ cinereosignata ’: HONSHU, YAMAGUCHI PREF.: 5 ♂, 5 ♀, YAMAGUCHI CITY, ATÔ-JIFUKU, 5.XII.2013, Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 5 ♂, 4 ♀, SHIMONOSEKI CITY, HÔHOKU-CHÔ, TAKIbE, NAKAbARA, 29.XI.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED). KYUSHU, SAGA PREF.: 1 ♀, 4 IMMATURES, IMARI CITY, MINAMIHATA-CHÔ, JûbASHI, 12.X.2011, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, dry mounted); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, same data but 9.ii.2012, (dry mounted, 70% ethanol); 21 ♂, 18 ♀, 8 IMMATURES, IMARI CITY, MINAMIHATA-CHÔ, TANIGUCHI, 12.X.2011, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY AND SLIDE MOUNTED, 99.5% ethanol); 19 ♂, 29 ♀, SAME DATA bUT 14.XII.2011; 26 ♂, 13 ♀, 18 IMMATURES, SAME DATA bUT 8.XI.2012 (DRY MOUNTED, 70% ETHANOL); 1 ♂, IMARI CITY, ÔKAWA-CHÔ, TATSUGAWA, 22.XI.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (F. KUCHIKI), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 3 ♂, 13 ♀, 1 IMMATURES, OGI CITY, OGI-MACHI, KURIHARA, 3.IX.2015, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED, 99.5% ETHANOL); 19 ♂, 42 ♀, 1 IMMATURE, OGI CITY, OGI-MACHI, IKENOUE, 3.IX.2015, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED, 99.5% ETHANOL); 5 ♂, 5 ♀, IMARI CITY, MATSUURA-CHÔ, NAKANOHARA, 24.X.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 26 ♂, 24 ♀, IMARI CITY, MATSUURA-CHÔ, SAGENO, 9.III.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, SAME DATA bUT 27.XI.2012; 9 ♂, 10 ♀, KARATSU CITY, KITAHATA, SHIGE, 22.XII.2011, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED).—SUMMER FORM ‘ jukyungi ’: HONSHU, YAMAGUCHI PREF.: 116 ♂, 159 ♀, 10 IMMATURES, SHIMONOSEKI CITY, HÔHOKU-CHÔ, TAKIbE, NAKAbARA, 7.VI.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY AND SLIDE MOUNTED, 99.5% AND 70% ETHANOL); 2♀, SHIMONOSEKI CITY, HÔHOKU-CHÔ, KITAUKA, TERAHARA, 7.VI.2012 (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 35 ♂, 38 ♀, HAGI CITY, TAMAGAWA-CHÔ, SHIMO-OGAWA, 2.VIII.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 7 IMMATURES, HAGI CITY, AbU-CHÔ, FUKUGA, 2.VIII.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED, 70% ETHANOL). KYUSHU, SAGA PREF.: 52 ♂, 49 ♀, 5 IMMATURE, IMARI CITY, MINAMIHATA- CHÔ, JûbASHI, 10.VIII.2011, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. Inoue), (NIFTS, dry and slide mounted, 99.5% ethanol); 66 ♂, 86 ♀, 4 IMMATURES, IMARI CITY, MINAMIHATA-CHÔ, TANIGUCHI, 10.VIII.2011, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, dry and slide mounted, 99.5% ethanol); 3 ♂, 13 ♀, 1 IMMATURE, OGI CITY, OGI-MACHI, KURIHARA, 3.IX.2015, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED, 99.5% ETHANOL); 19 ♂, 42 ♀, 1 IMMATURE, OGI CITY, OGI- MACHI, IKENOUE, 3.IX.2015, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED, 99.5% ETHANOL); 1 ♀, IMARI CITY, MATSUURA-CHÔ, NAKANOHARA, 24.X.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 1 ♀, IMARI CITY, MATSUURA-CHÔ, SAGENO, 24.V.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED); 3 ♂, 6 ♀, Karatsu CITY, KITAHATA, SHIGE, 9.VII.2012, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (H. INOUE), (NIFTS, DRY MOUNTED).— South Korea: WINTER FORM ‘ cinereosignata ’: 5 ♂, 7 ♀, GYEONGGI-DO, SUWON-SI, 28.III.1973 (K.Y. CHOI), (NAAS, DRY MOUNTED); 8 ♂, 11 ♀, INCHEON-SI, NAMDONG-GU, SUSAN-DONG, 26.II.2016 (G. CHO), (SNU, 95% ETHANOL).—SUMMER FORM ‘ jukyungi ’: 1 ♂ PARATYPE OF P. jukyungi, GYEONGSANGNAM-DO, SAMNAM-MYEON, 7.VI.1981 (Y.J. KWON), (NHMB, DRY MOUNTED); 3 ♀, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon-si, 26.v.1980 (C.G. Yoo), (NAAS, dry mounted); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but (K.R. Choi); 20 ♂, 26 ♀, GYEONGGI-DO, OSAN-SI, 20.VIII.1996, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (J.Y. Choi), (NAAS, dry mounted); 3 ♂, 6 ♀, GYEONGSANGNAM-DO, GYEONGSAN-SI, JAIN-MYEON, 26.VIII.1998, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (J.B. JEON), (NAAS, DRY mounted); 4 ♂, 10 ♀, 3 immatures, Incheon-si, Namdong-gu, Susan-dong, Bandi farm, 31.viii.2014, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (G. Cho), (SNU, dry and slide mounted, 95% ethanol); 5 ♂, 8 ♀, 21 immatures, same data but 19.viii.2015 (95% ethanol); 6 ♂, 9 ♀, 4 immature, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon-si, Gwonseon-gu, Imok-dong, NIHHS, 23.IX.2014, P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (G. CHO) (SNU, dry and slide mounted, 95% ethanol); 6 ♂, 7 ♀, 4 immatures, GANGWON-DO, INJE-GUN, BUK-MYEON, HANGYE-RI, MORAN-GOL, 38°08'30.96"N 128°16'04.93"E, 550 M, 15.VII.2015, P. ussuriensis (G. CHO), (SNU, SLIDE MOUNTED, 95% ETHANOL); 1 ♀, SAME DATA bUT 24.IV.2016 (SNU, IN 95% ETHANOL).

Diagnosis. ADULT. PARAMERE (FIG. 37) SLENDER, RELATIVELY STRAIGHT, NARROWING TO APEX, WITH SMALL, FORWARD DIRECTED APICAL HOOK. APICAL DILATATION OF DISTAL SEGMENT OF AEDEAGUS (FIG. 38) SUbQUADRANGULAR WITH SMALL ANTERIOR HOOK. FEMALE TERMINALIA (FIG. 36) RELATIVELY SHORT. FEMALE PROCTIGER DORSALLY INDENTED IN THE MIDDLE; LONG SETAE IN APICAL THIRD ARRANGED IN A TRANSVERSE ROW, PEG SETAE COVERING LESS THAN APICAL THIRD. CIRCUMANAL RING RELATIVELY LONG. WINTER FORM ‘ cinereosignata ’ (FIGS. 4, 13): FOREWING OVAL, MEMbRANE TRANSPARENT WITH bLACK MARKING NEAR THE APEX OF CLAVUS AND STRONGLY CONTRASTING DARK VEINS, SURFACE SPINULES PRESENT ONLY IN CELL CU2 NEAR CLAVAL SUTURE. SUMMER FORM ‘ jukyungi ’ (FIGS. 3, 11, 12): FOREWING OVAL (FIG. 34) TINTED YELLOW WITH SURFACE SPINULES IN ALL CELLS.—FIFTH INSTAR IMMATURE (FIGS. 57, 59, 61). MARGIN OF FORE AND HINDWING PADS WITH 10−12 AND 2 CAPITATE SETAE, RESPECTIVELY. AbDOMEN WITH TWO LARGE LATERAL AND TWO MEDIO-LATERAL FREE STERNITES ON EITHER SIDE OF MID-LINE. MARGIN OF CAUDAL PLATE WITH TEN PAIRS OF LONG AND SHORT SIMPLE SETAE, LACKING SECTASETAE.

Redescription. Adult. COLORATION (FIGS. 3−4, 11−13). WINTER FORM ‘ cinereosignata ’ (FIGS. 4, 13): GENERAL bODY COLOUR DARK bROWN TO ALMOST bLACK. VERTEX bROWN WITH LIGHT MARGINS AND NARROW STRIPES ALONG MID-LINE. GENAL PROCESSES bROWN. EYES GREY, OCELLI ORANGE. ANTENNA DARK bROWN OR bLACK, SEGMENTS 3‒6 LIGHTER IN bASAL PART. THORAX WITH LIGHT PATTERN DORSALLY CONSISTING OF A WHITISH SUbMEDIAN TRANSVERSE bAND AND TWO WHITISH LATERAL SPOTS ON EITHER HALF OF PRONOTUM; MESOPRAESCUTUM DARK bROWN ANTERIORLY, bROWN POSTERIORLY WITH WHITE HIND MARGIN; MESOSCUTUM WITH TWO SUbMEDIAN AND ONE LATERAL WHITE LONGITUDINAL STRIPES ON EITHER HALF; ANTERIOR EDGES OF MESOSCUTELLUM WHITE. LEGS WITH OCHREOUS TIbIAE AND bASITARSI. FOREWING WITH DARK bROWN OR ALMOST bLACK VEINS, APEX OF CLAVUS WITH bROWN PATCH, MEMbRANE SOMETIMES FUMOUS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CELLS. HINDWING WHITISH. AbDOMINAL INTERSEGMENTAL MEMbRANE REDDISH.—SUMMER FORM ‘ jukyungi ’ (FIGS. 3, 11−12): GENERAL bODY COLOUR LIGHT YELLOWISH GREEN (FIGS. 3, 11) TO YELLOW (FIG. 12). EYES REDDISH GREY, OCELLI YELLOW. ANTENNA LIGHT bROWN; ANTENNAL segments 4−8 dark brown apically, segments 9−10 dark brown to almost black; terminal setae light brown. Head AND THORAX YELLOWISH GREEN DORSALLY. FOREWING WITH PALE YELLOW VEINS; MEMbRANE TRANSPARENT, TINTED LIGHT YELLOW, CLAVUS LIGHT, LACKING bROWN PATCH. HINDWING TRANSPARENT. LEGS LIGHT YELLOWISH bROWN. AbDOMEN LIGHT GREEN TO GREENISH YELLOW. TERMINALIA YELLOWISH bROWN OR OCHREOUS APICALLY. FEMALE AND YOUNG SPECIMENS GENERALLY LIGHTER IN COLOUR.

STRUCTURE. HEAD (FIG. 33) SLIGHTLY bROADER THAN THORAX; VERTEX AbOUT 0.5 TIMES AS LONG AS WIDE, COVERED WITH MICROSCOPIC SETAE; GENAL PROCESSES CONICAL, WEAKLY DIVERGENT, SUbACUTE APICALLY, AS LONG AS VERTEX ALONG MID-LINE. ANTENNA RELATIVELY SHORT; SEGMENT 3 THE LONGEST; TERMINAL SETAE ON SEGMENT 10 SUbEQUAL IN LENGTH, THE LONGER AbOUT AS LONG AS SEGMENT 10, THE SHORTER LESS THAN 2 /3 AS LONG AS LONGER SETA. THORAX MODERATELY CURVED. FOREWING (FIG. 34) OVAL; PTEROSTIGMA RELATIVELY LONG; VEIN C+SC MODERATELY CURVED; CELL C+SC RELATIVELY SMALL AND NARROW, WIDEST IN THE MIDDLE; VEIN RS SINUOUS, ARCHED FORWARD IN THE MIDDLE; VEIN M WEAKLY CURVED WITH SHORT DIVERGING bRANCHES; VEIN M1+2 WEAKLY CURVED, REACHING WING MARGIN POSTERIAD OF WING APEX; VEIN M3+4 ALMOST STRAIGHT; CELL CU1 IRREGULARLY RHOMbIC; VEIN CU1a LONG, EVENLY CURVED IN bASAL TWO THIRDS, STRAIGHT IN APICAL THIRD; VEIN CU1b RELATIVELY SHORT, CURVED IN APICAL THIRD; FOREWING MARGIN AND VEINS SPARSELY COVERED WITH SHORT SETAE. METACOXA WITH SMALL, CONICAL, SUbACUTE MERACANTHUS; METATIbIA LONGER THAN METAFEMUR, bEARING MODERATELY LARGE GENUAL SPINE AND 1+3+1 APICAL SPURS; METATARSUS WITH APICAL SEGMENT LONGER THAN bASAL SEGMENT. MALE TERMINALIA AS IN FIG. 35. PROCTIGER SLENDER, SLIGHTLY CURVED, COVERED WITH SHORT SETAE. SUbGENITAL PLATE SUbGLObULAR, SPARSELY HAIRY. PARAMERE (FIG. 37) SLENDER, HOOKED APICALLY, SLIGHTLY bENT bASALLY; OUTER SURFACE COVERED WITH SETAE; INNER SURFACE WITH LONG SETAE IN bASAL HALF. DISTAL SEGMENT OF AEDEAGUS (FIG. 38) WITH SUbRECTANGULAR APICAL DILATATION bEARING A SMALL ANTERIOR HOOK. FEMALE TERMINALIA (FIG. 36) RELATIVELY SHORT, SPARSELY HAIRY. DORSAL OUTLINE OF FEMALE PROCTIGER RELATIVELY STRAIGHT OR WEAKLY CURVED, INDENTED IN THE MIDDLE; LONG SETAE IN APICAL THIRD FORMING INDISTINCT TRANSVERSE ROW. CIRCUMANAL RING LONG, CONSISTING OF TWO ROWS OF UNEVEN PORES. SUbGENITAL PLATE SHORT, CUNEATE, SPARSELY COVERED WITH SHORT SETAE. LATERAL VALVULAE bROADLY ROUNDED APICALLY; DORSAL VALVULAE CUNEATE, WEAKLY CURVED, AbRUPTLY NARROWED NEAR APEX; VENTRAL VALVULAE CURVED NEAR APEX, WITH SUbAPICAL TRANSVERSE CARINA. WINTER FORM ‘ cinereosignata ’: FOREWING LACKING SURFACE SPINULES EXCEPT FOR CELL CU2. FEMALE PROCTIGER RELATIVELY THICKSET AND DISTINCTLY CURVED IN APICAL HALF.—SUMMER FORM ‘ jukyungi ’: FOREWING WITH SURFACE SPINULES PRESENT IN ALL CELLS LEAVING NARROW SPINULE-FREE STRIPES ALONG THE VEINS, REDUCED IN bASAL HALF OF CELL C+SC; FINE, MODERATELY SPACED, ARRANGED IN IRREGULAR RINGS OR TRANSVERSE ROWS. FEMALE PROCTIGER RELATIVELY SLENDER AND ALMOST STRAIGHT IN APICAL HALF. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS AS IN TAbLE 2.

Fifth instar immature (FIGS. 57, 59, 61). SCLERITES bROWN OR DARK bROWN, MEMbRANES YELLOW. ANTENNAL SEGMENTS 1‒6 YELLOW, SEGMENTS 4‒6 WITH DARKER APEX, SEGMENT 7 DARK bROWN OR bLACK. CEPHALOTHORACIC SCLERITES AND LEGS LIGHT bROWN. WING PADS DORSALLY, TARSI AND CAUDAL PLATE DARK bROWN. BODY (FIG. 57) bROAD, WITH RELATIVELY LONG ANTENNA AND LEGS. THORACIC SCLERITES SMALL. FOREWING PAD IRREGULARLY CURVED ALONG OUTER LATERAL MARGIN, bROADLY ROUNDED APICALLY, WITH 8‒11 LONG, INDISTINCTLY CAPITATE MARGINAL SETAE, LACKING LONG DORSAL SETAE. HINDWING PAD WITH 2 LONG INDISTINCTLY CAPITATE MARGINAL SETAE. TARSAL AROLIUM AS IN OTHER PEAR PSYLLIDS WITH PETIOLE SLIGHTLY SHORTER THAN CLAWS (FIG. 61). AbDOMEN WITH TWO LARGE LATERAL AND TWO SUbMEDIAN FREE STERNITES ON EITHER SIDE OF MID-LINE. CAUDAL PLATE bROADLY ROUNDED POSTERIORLY, WITH 8‒10 MEDIUM LONG AND LONG, INDISTINCTLY CAPITATE MARGINAL SETAE ON EITHER SIDE, LACKING SECTASETAE AND LONG DORSAL SETAE. OUTER CIRCUMANAL RING (FIG. 59) MODERATELY LARGE, TRANSVERSELY OVAL, CONCAVE ANTERIORLY, EVENLY CURVED, CONSISTING OF A SINGLE ROW OF EVEN-SIzED PORES; POSTERIOR MARGIN VERY CLOSE TO POSTERIOR AbDOMINAL MARGIN. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS SEE TAbLE 2.

Distribution. JAPAN: HONSHU (YAMAGUCHI PREF.); KYUSHU (SAGA PREF.) (INOUE et al. 2012; KATOH et al. 2013, 2014; ALL AS Cacopsylla chinensis).— SOUTH KOREA: GYEONGSANGNAM-DO (KWON 1983, AS Psylla (Hepatopsylla) jukyungi); WITHOUT DETAILS (PARK 1996; KWON et al. 2016, AS Cacopsylla jukyungi); GANGWON-DO, GYEONGGI-DO.— CHINA (GANSU).

Host plant. Pyrus communis L., P. pyrifolia VAR. culta (MAKINO) NAKAI, P. ussuriensis MAXIM. (ROSACEAE).

Remarks. Cacopsylla jukyungi AND C. cinereosignata SHARE SIMILAR MALE AND FEMALE TERMINALIA bUT DIFFER IN bODY SIzE, FOREWING COLOUR AND SURFACE SPINULATION. WE INTERPRET THIS AS SEASONAL DIMORPHISM AND SYNONYMISE THE TWO.

THE RECORDS bY KIM et al. (2000, 2007), KANG et al. (2012), PARK et al. (2013) AND PARK et al. (2016) OF C. pyricola FROM KOREA AND bY INOUE et al. (2012), KATOH et al. (2013, 2014) AND CHO & LEE (2015) OF C. chinensis FROM JAPAN AND KOREA ARE MISIDENTIFICATIONS OF C. jukyungi. C. jukyungi DIFFERS FROM C. chinensis IN THE SLIGHTLY STRAIGHTER PARAMERE WITH A STRONGER CURVED APICAL HOOK (SLIGHTLY CURVED OUTWARD APICALLY IN C. chinensis), THE SLIGHTLY SHORTER MALE SUbGENITAL PLATE (LONGER IN C. chinensis), THE DORSALLY SLIGHTLY MORE SINUATE FEMALE PROCTIGER (WEAKLY CONCAVE IN C. chinensis), THE PRESENCE OF 10 SIMPLE SETAE ON FOREWING PAD MARGIN IN FIFTH INSTAR IMMATURE (9‒11 WEAKLY CAPITATE SETAE IN C. chinensis) AND THE WEAKLY CONCAVE DORSAL MARGIN OF OUTER CIRCUMANAL RING IN FIFTH INSTAR IMMATURE (STRONGLY CONCAVE IN C. chinensis).

C. jukyungi IS CURRENTLY THE ECONOMICALLY MOST IMPORTANT PEAR PSYLLID THROUGHOUT KOREA. IN JAPAN, SO FAR, C. jukyungi OCCURS ONLY IN RESTRICTED AREAS IN WESTERNMOST HONSHU AND THE NORTHWEST OF KYUSHU WERE THE SPECIES IS INTRODUCED.