CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEMODIALYSIS: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive decline in kidney function which is usually asymptomatic until the development of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Haemodialysis is the most common treatment method for ESRD. However, patients on hemodialysis have a variety of psychological disorders due to complications and restrictions of the treatment. Aim: of the present study was to review the literature about epidemiological characteristics and psychological disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and hemodialysis treatment. Material and Method: Literature review was based on research studies and reviews conducted during the last decade, derived from international (Medline, PubMed, Cinahl) databases concerning epidemiological characteristics and psychological disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and hemodialysis treatment. Results: The global prevalence of CKD ranges from 11 to 13%, due to increase in hypertension and diabetes, as well as the ageing population. It is estimated that more than 75% of patients with ESRD are undergoing haemodialysis. However, patients frequently have sleep disorders, poor appetite, fatigue, infertility, sexual dysfunction, problems with bones, anaemia, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders, anger, discouragement, dissatisfaction and disappointment, which lead to difficulties in their compliance with the treatment. Conclusion: There is a need for effective management of psychological disturbances in these patients in order to maintain their health status.