Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis and treatment

Piasek Ewa, Padała Olga, Krupa Adrianna, Putowski Maciej, Konopelko Michał. Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):364-367. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402548

http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7410

The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.

© The Authors 2019;

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Received: 25.08.2019. Revised: 30.08.2019. Accepted: 09.09.2019.

Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis and treatment

Ewa Piasek, ewa.piasekk@gmail.com, ORCID:0000-0003-3344-4022 I Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20 954, Lublin, Poland

Padała Olga, olga.padala@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-1469-0877 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland

Krupa Adrianna, adriannakrp@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-0866-3952 Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4 Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland

Maciej Putowski, putowski.maciek@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0002-7575-2456 Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland

Michał Konopelko, mm.konopelko@gmail.com ORCID:0000-0003-4103-7400 Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20 954, Lublin, Poland

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary embolism is occlusion of one or more pulmonary artery . Deep vein thrombosis is responsible for most cases of PE. Pulmonary embolism is in 50% cases asymptomatic. Risk factors are: surgery, trauma, venous catethers, superficial vein thrombosis,, immobilization, obesity, policythemia vera, infection, cancer, hormonal contraceptives. The aim of this paper is to present available diagnostic tools and treatment method of pulmonary embolism.

            Nowadays, there are many tools, such as ECG, laboratory markers or imaging technique, which help us in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. They consist of: ECG, laboratory markers and imaging techniques. D-dimer are standard laboratory test in diagnosis of PE. D-dimer has high diagnostic sensivity and is usually used to exlude PE. Ultrasonography is also useful for detection of PE. Ultrasound is non-invasive technique, which can be performed by the bed or during surgery. More advanced techniques of imaging, such as ventilation-perfusion scan or computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CPTA)  are also used in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Method of treatment depends on patients state and comorbidities: anticoagulation, thrombolysis, surgical embolectomy and cathether-directed thrombolysis,

Pulmonary embolism is often diagnosis of exclusion. Nowadays, with development of imaging techniques and laboratory tests, diagnosis of PE and proper treatment may be implemented quickly. 

KEY WORDS: deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, treatment