Themenblatt Nr. 10: Klimawirksamkeit von Agroforstsystemen

Carbon in mineral soils and agroforestry is one of the three climate-neutral farming activities included in the Carbon Removals Certification Framework Regulation (Carbon Removals Certification Framework Regulation, 2024/3012). The rules for the possible activities are currently being laid down in the implementing regulation on climate-neutral agriculture (Carbon Farming Delegated Act), which is expected to be available for public consultation for four weeks in autumn 2025. After a two-month objection period by the Member States and the European Parliament, it is expected to enter into force at the beginning of 2026 at the earliest. The Topic Sheet #10 on the climate effectiveness of agroforestry, now published by the DeFAF working group, aims to provide policy recommendations to DG CLIMA (Directorate-General for Climate Action) on its first draft of September 2024.

Contributions from above-ground biomass

Above-ground biomass can be estimated relatively easily using forestry methods, including allometric formulas and post-harvest assessments. Studies show that agroforestry trees grow up to 20% faster than trees in forests, which improves carbon sequestration. Tools such as unmanned aerial vehicles with laser range sensors (UAV LiDAR) and remote sensing enable accurate estimation of standing biomass, making agroforestry a practical and measurable strategy for carbon sequestration.

The importance of underground biomass

Underground biomass plays a crucial but often underestimated role. It accounts for about 20 to 40% of above-ground biomass and contributes significantly to long-term carbon storage. Studies of older hedges show significant carbon accumulation below the surface. Root pruning and soil cultivation can contribute to the formation of new fine roots, which has an impact on carbon storage in deep soil layers. Currently, allometric functions for calculating root biomass are limited to a few tree species, so further research is needed for accurate assessments.

Conclusion: The potential of agroforestry

The authors of Topic Sheet #10 estimate that agroforestry, when managed sustainably, can reduce CO₂ emissions by an average of 10 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent per hectare per year. If implemented on 1 million hectares of agricultural land in Germany, up to 10 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent could be sequestered annually. This would cover 40% of the reduction targets set by the Climate Protection Act for 2030 and 25% of the targets set for 2045.

The conclusion of Themenblatt #10 is clear: agroforestry is an effective solution for climate protection that reconciles agricultural productivity with ecological sustainability. However, to realise its full potential, improved measurement methods, political support and financial incentives for farmers are needed. From the perspective of DeFAF e.V. and partner organisations, agroforestry can and should become a cornerstone of the strategy for climate-neutral agriculture.