INDIA'S RELATION WITH CHINA- COMPETITION, CONFLICT AND COOPERATION

The bilateral relationship between India and China is one of the most consequential in contemporary Asia. It is characterised by a complex interplay of competition, conflict and cooperation. On one hand, India and China share deep historical, cultural and civilisational links and substantial economic engagement; on the other hand, they confront unresolved border disputes, strategic rivalries and asymmetric power dynamics. This paper seeks to map the evolving relationship between the two countries, by first outlining its historical and strategic foundations, then examining the drivers and instances of conflict and competition, followed by areas of cooperation, and finally assessing the prospects for the future. The analysis suggests that while competition is likely to remain the dominant mode, careful management of conflict and selective cooperation can help stabilise the relationship — albeit within the constraints imposed by structural asymmetries and mutual distrust.