Exoplanet Populations, Detection Bias, and Environmental Coherence

Large-scale exoplanet surveys have revealed a striking diversity of planetary sizes, orbital architectures, and stellar environments. While these discoveries have transformed planetary science, they also highlight the interpretive challenges posed by detection bias, incomplete sampling, and indirect inference. This paper examines exoplanet populations through the lens of environmental coherence, emphasizing the relationship between statistical trends, habitability assessment, and observational limits. Rather than focusing on individual detections, the paper explores how coherent patterns across populations provide more reliable insight into planetary environments and long- term stability. The aim is not to redefine habitability, but to clarify structural considerations that support responsible interpretation of survey data.