"Beyond Surgical Repair: Self-Esteem, Body Image, and Social Identity Among Adolescents Living with Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate"

Abstract: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are among the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies worldwide. Advances in surgical and multidisciplinary care have significantly improved functional and aesthetic outcomes for affected individuals. However, for adolescents with repaired cleft lip and palate, challenges often extend beyond physical correction. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by identity formation, heightened self-awareness, and increased sensitivity to peer perception. Even after successful surgical repair, many adolescents continue to experience psychological and social difficulties related to self-esteem, body image, and social identity. These psychosocial dimensions play a crucial role in overall well-being, social participation, academic performance, and long-term mental health. This review article critically examines existing literature on self-esteem, body image perception, and social identity in adolescents with repaired cleft lip and palate. It explores the influence of facial appearance, speech differences, peer relationships, family support, cultural context, and healthcare interactions on adolescent psychosocial adjustment. The article further highlights the pivotal role of nurses and multidisciplinary healthcare professionals in early identification, psychosocial assessment, counseling, and long-term support. Understanding these interconnected dimensions is essential for delivering holistic, adolescent-centered care that goes beyond surgical success to promote psychological resilience and social integration.