"Safeguarding Two Lives: A Comprehensive Review of Nursing Care for Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"

Abstract: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy, posing significant short- and long-term health risks to both mother and fetus. The increasing prevalence of GDM globally has intensified the need for effective, evidence-based nursing care to ensure optimal maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nurses play a pivotal role in early identification, comprehensive assessment, patient education, glycemic monitoring, lifestyle modification, psychosocial support, intrapartum management, and postpartum follow-up. This review article critically examines current literature on GDM, focusing on its pathophysiology, risk factors, screening and diagnostic criteria, maternal and fetal complications, and the multifaceted role of nurses across the continuum of care. Emphasis is placed on nursing interventions such as nutrition counseling, physical activity promotion, blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration, emotional support, and prevention of long-term complications. The review highlights the importance of patient-centered care, culturally sensitive education, and interprofessional collaboration in managing GDM effectively. Strengthening nursing practices and empowering women through education are essential strategies for improving pregnancy outcomes and reducing the future burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus.