"Beyond the Bedside Burden: Examining the Impact of Workload and Burnout on Patient Outcomes in Medical–Surgical Nursing Units"

Abstract:  Medical–surgical units represent the backbone of hospital care, managing a high volume of patients with diverse and complex health needs. Nurses working in these units are frequently exposed to heavy workloads, time pressure, staffing shortages, and emotional demands, placing them at significant risk for burnout. Increasing evidence indicates that nurse workload and burnout are not only occupational health issues but also critical determinants of patient safety and quality of care. This review article synthesizes existing literature on the interrelationship between workload, burnout, and patient outcomes in medical–surgical units. It explores contributing factors, theoretical perspectives, consequences for nurses and patients, and evidence-based strategies to mitigate burnout and optimize patient outcomes. Understanding these relationships is essential for nurse leaders, administrators, and policymakers to design sustainable workforce strategies that enhance both nurse well-being and patient care quality.