Published December 16, 2025
| Version v1
Book
Open
Cuidados de enfermería pediátrica: Manual didáctico médico-quirúrgico
Authors/Creators
-
1.
Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán
-
2.
Universidad Andina Néstor Cáceres Velásquez
- 3. Ministerio de Salud del Perú
Description
Este libro es una guía esencial para el personal de enfermería en formación y en ejercicio, diseñada para fortalecer competencias clínicas, técnicas y humanísticas en la atención integral del paciente pediátrico. La obra aborda de manera sistemática las principales patologías y procedimientos médicos y quirúrgicos que afectan a niños y adolescentes, incluyendo trastornos neurológicos, enfermedades infecciosas, respiratorias, renales, hematológicas, endocrinas, dermatológicas, quemaduras, así como atención quirúrgica y cuidados paliativos. Todas las recomendaciones y protocolos presentados se sustentan en evidencia científica actualizada y se enriquecen con la experiencia clínica de las autoras, ofreciendo un recurso confiable, práctico y aplicable en contextos hospitalarios, ambulatorios y comunitarios. Cada capítulo integra herramientas de valoración, intervención y seguimiento, estrategias de educación a cuidadores y pautas para el acompañamiento emocional, garantizando una atención segura, eficiente y centrada en el niño y su familia. Esta obra combina teoría y práctica con sensibilidad humana, promoviendo la coordinación multidisciplinaria y el manejo integral de patologías complejas, desde síndromes convulsivos y trastornos alimentarios hasta procedimientos quirúrgicos especializados y técnicas de injertos. Además, ofrece lineamientos claros para la atención paliativa, asegurando la calidad de vida y el bienestar emocional de los pacientes pediátricos. Con un lenguaje didáctico y accesible, esta obra se constituye en un recurso imprescindible para la formación académica y la actualización profesional del personal de enfermería, empoderándolos para brindar cuidados pediátricos seguros, eficientes y humanizados.
Files
Ebook_978-1-968794-21-7.pdf
Files
(7.6 MB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:413296e948bc4144e9af5415ba7db50c
|
148.5 kB | Preview Download |
|
md5:897eee7b7d10326bb39076b48e3fcb74
|
7.5 MB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Is cited by
- Book: 978-1-968794-21-7 (ISBN)
Dates
- Available
-
2025-12-15
Software
References
- Abo-Halawa, N., Negm, M. A., Arafa, M., & Fathy, M. (2024). Surgical aspects of pediatric abdominal pain in the era of COVID-19: clinical consideration and outcomes. Frontiers in pediatrics, 12, 1400638. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1400638 Accredo Health Group, Inc. (2025). Trastornos del crecimiento. https://es.accredo.com/conditions/growth-disorders Al Abud, A. M., & Grua, J. S. (2023). Scalp ringworm (Tinea capitis). StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536909/ Alcaide Ocaña, A. B. (2024). Asma bronquial. Clínica Universidad de Navarra. https://www.cun.es/enfermedades-tratamientos/enfermedades/asma-bronquial American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Care in Diabetes to Guide Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment for People Living with Diabetes. https://diabetes.org/newsroom/american-diabetes-association-2023-standards-care-diabetes-guide-for-prevention-diagnosis-treatment-people-living-with-diabetes Asarnow, J. R., Porta, G., Spirito, A., Emslie, G., Clarke, G., Wagner, K. D., Vitiello, B., Keller, M., Birmaher, B., McCracken, J., Mayes, T., Berk, M., & Brent, D. A. (2011). Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: findings from the TORDIA study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(8), 772–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.04.003 Asher, M. I., García-Marcos, L., Pearce, N. E., & Strachan, D. P. (2020). Trends in worldwide asthma prevalence. The European respiratory journal, 56(6), 2002094. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02094-2020 Atiyeh, B., & Janom, H. H. (2014). Physical rehabilitation of pediatric burns. Annals of burns and fire disasters, 27(1), 37–43. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4158448/ Baranowski, K., & Huang, B. (2023). Enfermedad por arañazo de gato. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482139/ Barola, S., Grossman, O. K., & Abdelhalim, A. (2024). Urinary tract infections in children. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK599548/ Baxter, C. R., & Shires, T. (1968). Physiological response to crystalloid resuscitation of severe burns. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 150(3), 874–894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb14738.x Benini, F., Spizzichino, M., Trapanotto, M., & Ferrante, A. (2008). Pediatric palliative care. Italian journal of pediatrics, 34(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-34-4 Berg, A. T., & Cross, J. H. (2010). Towards a modern classification of the epilepsies? The Lancet Neurology, 9(5), 459-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70024-7 Berria, M., & Burns, J. T. (2024). Trastornos de la tiroides. EBSCO Research Starters. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/consumer-health/thyroid-disorders Bhate, K., & Williams, H. C. (2013). Epidemiology of acne vulgaris. The British journal of dermatology, 168(3), 474–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12149 Bierzynska, A., & Saleem, M. (2017). Recent advances in understanding and treating nephrotic syndrome. F1000Research, 6, 121. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10165.1 Bluebond-Langner, M., Belasco, J. B., Goldman, A., & Belasco, C. (2007). Understanding parents' approaches to care and treatment of children with cancer when standard therapy has failed. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 25(17), 2414–2419. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.08.7759 Bottari, G., Stellacci, G., Ferorelli, D., Dell'Erba, A., Aricò, M., Benevento, M., Palladino, G., & Solarino, B. (2021). Imaging Appropriateness in Pediatric Radiology during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Comparison with No COVID-19 Period. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 8(6), 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060463 Bradley, J. S., Byington, C. L., Shah, S. S., Alverson, B., Carter, E. R., Harrison, C., Kaplan, S. L., Mace, S. E., McCracken, G. H., Jr, Moore, M. R., St Peter, S. D., Stockwell, J. A., Swanson, J. T., & Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2011). The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 53(7), e25–e76. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir531 Bridge, J. A., Goldstein, T. R., & Brent, D. A. (2006). Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 47(3-4), 372–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01615.x Brouwer, M. C., Tunkel, A. R., & van de Beek, D. (2010). Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clinical microbiology reviews, 23(3), 467–492. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00070-09 Brutsaert, E. F., & Braunstein, G. D. (2023). Diabetes mellitus. Merck Manual. https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-hormonales-y-metab%C3%B3licos/diabetes-mellitus-y-otros-trastornos-del-metabolismo-de-la-glucosa-sangu%C3%ADnea/diabetes-mellitus Buchacz, K., Baker, R. K., Palella, F. J., Jr, Chmiel, J. S., Lichtenstein, K. A., Novak, R. M., Wood, K. C., Brooks, J. T., & HOPS Investigators (2010). AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in US patients, 1994-2007: a cohort study. AIDS (London, England), 24(10), 1549–1559. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833a3967 Buck, E., & Finnigan, N. A. (2023). Malaria. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551711/ Bush, A., & Saglani, S. (2010). Management of severe asthma in children. Lancet (London, England), 376(9743), 814–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61054-9 Büyükgebiz, A. (2013). Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 5(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.4274/Jcrpe.845 Carithers, H. A. (1985). Cat-scratch disease. An overview based on a study of 1,200 patients. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 139(11), 1124–1133. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140130062031 Cartotto R. (2017). Topical antimicrobial agents for pediatric burns. Burns & trauma, 5, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41038-017-0096-6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines Chan, E. Y.-h., & Boyer, O. (2025). Childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: Recent advancements shaping future guidelines. Pediatric Nephrology, 40, 2431–2442. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00467-024-06634-9 Chanchlani, R., Parekh, R., & Gipson, D. S. (2020). Recent advances in the management of nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatric Nephrology, 35(8), 1377–1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-019-04400-5 Cheng, C. H. (2022). Acute pyelonephritis diagnosis in children with urinary tract infections. Pediatrics and neonatology, 63(4), 329–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.001 Chiang, J. L., Kirkman, M. S., Laffel, L. M., Peters, A. L. (2014). Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care, 37(7), 2034–2054. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1140 Child Mind Institute. (2024). ¿Cómo se relacionan la autolesión y el suicidio? https://childmind.org/es/articulo/como-se-relacionan-la-autolesion-y-el-suicidio/ Children's Hospital of Orange County. (2023). Acute gastroenteritis care guideline. https://choc.org/wp-content/uploads/careguidelines/2023_Acute_Gastroenteritis_Care_Guideline_with_References.pdf Chua, A. N., Kumar, R., & Warady, B. A. (2022). Care of the pediatric patient on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 37(12), 3043–3055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-022-05605-2 Cillóniz, C., Rodríguez-Hurtado, D., & Torres, A. (2018). Characteristics and Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Global Aging. Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 6(2), 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020035 Çimke, S., Yıldırım Gürkan, D., & Polat, S. (2024). Research on family-centered care in pediatric patients: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 76, 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.02.017 Ciornei, B., David, V. L., Popescu, D., & Boia, E. S. (2023). Pain Management in Pediatric Burns: A Review of the Science behind It. Global health, epidemiology and genomics, 2023, 9950870. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9950870 Clark, S. E., Cloutier, P., Polihronis, C., & Cappelli, M. (2019). Evaluating the HEADS-ED Screening Tool in a Hospital-Based Mental Health and Addictions Central Referral Intake System: A Prospective Cohort Study. Hospital pediatrics, 9(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2018-0112 Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Cirugía reconstructiva. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/11029-reconstructive-surgery Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Epidermólisis bullosa: Signos, síntomas, causas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17792-epidermolysis-bullosa Cleveland Clinic. (2025). Hemodialysis. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24472-hemodialysis Cole, B. (2024). Understanding Eating Disorders and the Nurse's Role in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Support. Journal of Christian nursing: a quarterly publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship, 41(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000001147 Conway, P. H., Cnaan, A., Zaoutis, T., Henry, B. V., Grundmeier, R. W., & Keren, R. (2007). Recurrent urinary tract infections in children: risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials. JAMA, 298(2), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.2.179 Cooper, D. S. (2005). Antithyroid drugs. The New England journal of medicine, 352(9), 905–917. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra042972 Costa Pinheiro, A. M., Araujo Lobato, L., & Nogueira Varella, T. C. (2012). Dermoscopy findings in tinea capitis: case report and literature review. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 87(2), 313–314. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962012000200022 Cuijpers, M. D., Meij-de Vries, A., van Zuijlen, P. P. M., Baartmans, M. G. A., Nieuwenhuis, M., van Baar, M. E., Pijpe, A., & Dutch Burn Repository Group. (2024). The prevalence and predictors of reconstructive surgery in pediatric burn care. Burns, 50(9), 107213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2024.07.017 Cuijpers, M. D., Meij-de Vries, A., van Zuijlen, P. P. M., Baartmans, M. G. A., Nieuwenhuis, M., van Baar, M. E., Pijpe, A., & Dutch Burn Repository Group (2024). The prevalence and predictors of reconstructive surgery in pediatric burn care. Burns: journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 50(9), 107213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2024.07.017 Daley, S. F., Riaz, Y., & Sergi, C. (2025). Pediatric feeding disorders: Recognition, diagnosis, and management. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564306/ Datta, N., Matheson, B. E., Citron, K., Van Wye, E. M., & Lock, J. D. (2023). Evidence Based Update on Psychosocial Treatments for Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology: the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 52(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2022.2109650 Del Nido. P. J. (2020). Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgical Procedures in Children. Innovations (Philadelphia, Pa.), 15(2), 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1556984520914283 DeVries, C. R. (2022). A global view of pediatric urology. Journal of pediatric urology, 18(3), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.02.002 Donald, P. R., & Schoeman, J. F. (2004). Tuberculous meningitis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(17), 1719–1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp048227 Dondorp, A. M., Fairhurst, R. M., Slutsker, L., Macarthur, J. R., Breman, J. G., Guerin, P. J., Wellems, T. E., Ringwald, P., Newman, R. D., & Plowe, C. V. (2011). The threat of artemisinin-resistant malaria. The New England journal of medicine, 365(12), 1073–1075. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1108322 Ebeledike, C., Ahmad, T., & Martín, S. D. (2023). Neumonía pediátrica (Enfermería). StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568682/ Elgash, M., Dlova, N., Ogunleye, T., & Taylor, S. C. (2019). Seborrheic dermatitis in skin of color: Clinical considerations. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 18(1), 24. https://jddonline.com/wp-content/themes/jdd-salient-child/download.php?pii=S1545961619P0024X&download=1 Elseth, A., & Nunez Lopez, O. (2025). Wound grafts. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564382/ Emmons, C. W., Binford, C. H., Utz, J. P., & Kwon-Chung, K. J. (1992). Medical mycology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Ferrero, M., & Díaz González, M. (2022). Advances in the treatment of burned children. Cirugía Pediátrica, 35(3), 104-112. https://secipe.org/coldata/upload/revista/2022_35-3_104.pdf Feudtner, C. (2007). Collaborative communication in pediatric palliative care: a foundation for problem-solving and decision-making. Pediatric clinics of North America, 54(5), 583–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2007.07.008 Fine, J. D. (2010). Inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 5, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-5-12 Fine, J. D., Bruckner-Tuderman, L., Eady, R. A., Bauer, E. A., Bauer, J. W., Has, C., Heagerty, A., Hintner, H., Hovnanian, A., Jonkman, M. F., Leigh, I., Marinkovich, M. P., Martinez, A. E., McGrath, J. A., Mellerio, J. E., Moss, C., Murrell, D. F., Shimizu, H., Uitto, J., Woodley, D., … Zambruno, G. (2014). Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: updated recommendations on diagnosis and classification. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 70(6), 1103–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.903 Fischbach, M., Edefonti, A., Schröder, C., Watson, A., & European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group (2005). Hemodialysis in children: general practical guidelines. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 20(8), 1054–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-005-1876-y Fisher, R. S., Acevedo, C., Arzimanoglou, A., Bogacz, A., Cross, J. H., Elger, C. E., Engel, J., Jr, Forsgren, L., French, J. A., Glynn, M., Hesdorffer, D. C., Lee, B. I., Mathern, G. W., Moshé, S. L., Perucca, E., Scheffer, I. E., Tomson, T., Watanabe, M., & Wiebe, S. (2014). ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia, 55(4), 475–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12550 Fitzmaurice, W., & Silverberg, N. B. (2024). Long-Term Impact of Atopic Dermatitis on Quality of Life. Dermatologic clinics, 42(4), 549–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2024.04.005 Florin, T. A., Zaoutis, T. E., & Zaoutis, L. B. (2008). Beyond cat scratch disease: widening spectrum of Bartonella henselae infection. Pediatrics, 121(5), e1413–e1425. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1897 Flynn, J. M., & Weinstein, S. (Eds.). (2020). Lovell and Winter's pediatric orthopaedics (8th ed.). LWW. Foldy, S. M., & Gorman, J. B. (1989). Perioperative nursing care for congenital cardiac defects. Critical care nursing clinics of North America, 1(2), 289–295. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2818880/ Fraser, J. D., Aguayo, P., Leys, C. M., Keckler, S. J., Newland, J. G., Sharp, S. W., Murphy, J. P., Snyder, C. L., Sharp, R. J., Andrews, W. S., Holcomb, G. W., Ostlie, D. J., & St Peter, S. D. (2010). A complete course of intravenous antibiotics vs a combination of intravenous and oral antibiotics for perforated appendicitis in children: a prospective, randomized trial. Journal of pediatric surgery, 45(6), 1198–1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.090 Gaensbauer, J. T., Dash, N., Verma, S., Hall, D. J., Adler-Shohet, F. C., Li, G., Lee, G., Dinnes, L., & Wendorf, K. (2024). Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: A practical update on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 36, 100449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100449 Georgeson, K. E., & Robertson, D. J. (2004). Minimally invasive surgery in the neonate: review of current evidence. Seminars in perinatology, 28(3), 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2004.03.008 Giese J. K. (2019). Evidence-based pediatric asthma interventions and outcome measures in a healthy homes program: An integrative review. The Journal of asthma: official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 56(6), 662–673. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2018.1472279 Global Initiative for Asthma. (2025). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention 2025. GINA. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/GINA-2025_tracked-for-archive-WMSA.pdf Gober, J., & Zlatkin, A. (2014). Pediatric burns. PM&R KnowledgeNow. https://now.aapmr.org/pediatric-burns/ Greenhalgh, D. G. (2009). Topical antimicrobial agents for burn wounds. Clinics in plastic surgery, 36(4), 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.011 Greenwood, B. M., Fidock, D. A., Kyle, D. E., Kappe, S. H., Alonso, P. L., Collins, F. H., & Duffy, P. E. (2008). Malaria: progress, perils, and prospects for eradication. The Journal of clinical investigation, 118(4), 1266–1276. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI33996 Gupta, A. K., & Summerbell, R. C. (2000). Tinea capitis. Medical mycology, 38(4), 255–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/mmy.38.4.255.287 Gupta, P., Beam, B. W., Noel, T. R., Dvorchik, I., Yin, H., Simsic, J. M., & Tobias, J. D. (2014). Impact of preoperative location on outcomes in congenital heart surgery. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 98(3), 896–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.123 Hain, R., Devins, M., Hastings, R., & Noyes, J. (2013). Paediatric palliative care: development and pilot study of a 'Directory' of life-limiting conditions. BMC palliative care, 12(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-684X-12-43 Haliasos, E. C., Kerner, M., Jaimes-Lopez, N., Rudnicka, L., Zalaudek, I., Malvehy, J., Hofmann-Wellenhof, R., Braun, R. P., & Marghoob, A. A. (2013). Dermoscopy for the pediatric dermatologist part I: dermoscopy of pediatric infectious and inflammatory skin lesions and hair disorders. Pediatric dermatology, 30(2), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.12097 Hampson, K. J., Gay, M. L., & Band, M. E. (2021). Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: Pharmacologic and Nutrition Management. Nutrition in clinical practice: official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 36(2), 331–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10622 Hanley, P., Lord, K., & Bauer, A. J. (2016). Thyroid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review. JAMA pediatrics, 170(10), 1008–1019. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0486 Haque, A. K., & McGinnis, M. R. (2008). Fungal Infections. Dail and Hammar's Pulmonary Pathology: Volume I: Nonneoplastic Lung Disease, 349–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68792-6_10 Hauser, W. A., & Beghi, E. (2008). First seizure definitions and worldwide incidence and mortality. Epilepsia, 49 Suppl 1, 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01443.x Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Lancet (London, England), 379(9834), 2373–2382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60322-5 Hazarika, N., & Archana, M. (2016). The Psychosocial Impact of Acne Vulgaris. Indian journal of dermatology, 61(5), 515–520. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.190102 Heininger, U., & Seward, J. F. (2006). Varicella. Lancet (London, England), 368(9544), 1365–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69561-5 Herndon, D. N. (2017). Total burn care (5.ª ed.). Elsevier. Herpertz-Dahlmann B. (2017). Treatment of eating disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. Current opinion in psychiatry, 30(6), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000357 Hettiaratchy, S., & Papini, R. (2004). Initial management of a major burn: II--assessment and resuscitation. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 329(7457), 101–103. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7457.101 Himelstein, B. P., Hilden, J. M., Boldt, A. M., & Weissman, D. (2004). Pediatric palliative care. The New England journal of medicine, 350(17), 1752–1762. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra030334 Hinds, P. S., Drew, D., Oakes, L. L., Fouladi, M., Spunt, S. L., Church, C., & Furman, W. L. (2005). End-of-life care preferences of pediatric patients with cancer. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 23(36), 9146–9154. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.10.538 Horwitz, A. G., Czyz, E. K., & King, C. A. (2015). Predicting Future Suicide Attempts Among Adolescent and Emerging Adult Psychiatric Emergency Patients. Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology: the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 44(5), 751–761. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.910789 Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. (2025). ¿Qué son las adicciones? https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/asistencia/enfermedades/adicciones Hsu, C.-N., Lu, P.-C., Liao, W.-T., & Tain, Y.-L. (2025). Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease: Mind the Gap Between Reality and Expectations. Children, 12(5), 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050614 Hughes, R. A. C., & Cornblath, D. R. (2005). Guillain-Barré syndrome. The Lancet, 366(9497), 1653–1666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67665-9 Hunger, S. P., & Mullighan, C. G. (2015). Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children. The New England journal of medicine, 373(16), 1541–1552. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1400972 Iftikhar, R., Chaudhry, Q. U. N., Anwer, F., Neupane, K., Rafae, A., Mahmood, S. K., Ghafoor, T., Shahbaz, N., Khan, M. A., Khattak, T. A., Shamshad, G. U., Rehman, J., Farhan, M., Khan, M., Ansar, I., Ashraf, R., Marsh, J., Satti, T. M., & Ahmed, P. (2021). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in aplastic anemia: current indications and transplant strategies. Blood reviews, 47, 100772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2020.100772 Im, H. J. (2018). Current treatment for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood research, 53(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2018.53.1.1 Inaba, H., & Pui, C. H. (2021). Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of clinical medicine, 10(9), 1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091926 James, C., Harfouche, M., Welton, N. J., Turner, K. M., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Gottlieb, S. L., & Looker, K. J. (2020). Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(5), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.19.237149 Jeschke, M. G., van Baar, M. E., Choudhry, M. A., Chung, K. K., Gibran, N. S., & Logsetty, S. (2020). Burn injury. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 6(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0145-5 Johnston, D. L., Hentz, T. A., & Friedman, D. L. (2005). Pediatric palliative care. The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics: JPPT: the official journal of PPAG, 10(4), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-10.4.200 Kanner, A. M. (2016). Management of psychiatric and neurological comorbidities in epilepsy. Nature reviews. Neurology, 12(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2015.243 Kaplowitz, P. B., Jiang, J., & Vaidyanathan, P. (2020). Radioactive iodine therapy for pediatric Graves' disease: a single-center experience over a 10-year period. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism: JPEM, 33(3), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0316 Katkin, J. P., Kressly, S. J., Edwards, A. R., Perrin, J. M., Kraft, C. A., Richerson, J. E., Tieder, J. S., Wall, L., Alexander, J. J., Flanagan, P. J., Hudak, M. L., Quinonez, R. A., Shenkin, B. N., & Smith, T. K. (2017). Guiding principles for team-based pediatric care. Pediatrics, 140(2), e20171489. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1489 Kaushik, A., Natsis, N., Gordon, S. C., & Seiverling, E. V. (2020). A practical review of dermoscopy for pediatric dermatology part I: Melanocytic growths. Pediatric dermatology, 37(5), 789–797. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.14291 KDIGO. (2024). KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the management of nephrotic syndrome in children: Public review draft. https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/KDIGO-2024-Nephrotic-Syndrome-in-Children-Guideline-Public-Review-Draft.pdf Keller, B. A., & Saenz, N. C. (2023). Multi-disciplinary care in patients with complex pediatric general and thoracic surgical pathology: lessons learned from a 20-year experience. Pediatric surgery international, 39(1), 184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-023-05456-4 Khanna, D., & Bardhan, A. (2025). Epidermolysis bullosa. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK599531/ Killick, S. B., Bown, N., Cavenagh, J., Dokal, I., Foukaneli, T., Hill, A., Hillmen, P., Ireland, R., Kulasekararaj, A., Mufti, G., Snowden, J. A., Samarasinghe, S., Wood, A., Marsh, J. C., & British Society for Standards in Haematology (2016). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia. British journal of haematology, 172(2), 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13853 Kimberlin, D. W. (2004). Neonatal herpes simplex infection. Clinical microbiology reviews, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.1.1-13.2004 Kimberlin, D. W., Lin, C. Y., Jacobs, R. F., Powell, D. A., Corey, L., Gruber, W. C., Rathore, M., Bradley, J. S., Diaz, P. S., Kumar, M., Arvin, A. M., Gutierrez, K., Shelton, M., Weiner, L. B., Sleasman, J. W., de Sierra, T. M., Weller, S., Soong, S. J., Kiell, J., Lakeman, F. D., … National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group (2001). Safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous acyclovir in the management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Pediatrics, 108(2), 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.2.230 Klein, I., & Ojamaa, K. (2001). Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. The New England journal of medicine, 344(7), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102153440707 Koning, I. M., Peeters, M., Finkenauer, C., & van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M. (2018). Bidirectional effects of Internet-specific parenting practices and compulsive social media and Internet game use. Journal of behavioral addictions, 7(3), 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.68 Kopač, M. (2024). Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Exploration of Clinical Implications and Diagnostic Strategies. Biomedicines, 12(5), 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050945 Koumarianou, A., Symeonidi, A. E., Kattamis, A., Linardatou, K., Chrousos, G. P., & Darviri, C. (2021). A review of psychosocial interventions targeting families of children with cancer. Palliative & supportive care, 19(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951520000449 Krishnamoorthy, V., Ramaiah, R., & Bhananker, S. M. (2012). Pediatric burn injuries. International journal of critical illness and injury science, 2(3), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5151.100889 Kwan, P., Arzimanoglou, A., Berg, A. T., Brodie, M. J., Allen Hauser, W., Mathern, G., Moshé, S. L., Perucca, E., Wiebe, S., & French, J. (2010). Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia, 51(6), 1069–1077. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x Lai, S. T., & Bauer, A. J. (2025). Approach to the Pediatric Patient with Thyroid Nodules. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 110(8), 2339–2352. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf090 Larson, A. N., Paradkar, R., Schmitz, M., Liu, R., Patel, N. M., Ellis, H., Milbrandt, T. A., Sucato, D., Shea, K., & Laine, J., & POSNA Research Agenda Steering Group. (2025). Development of a consensus-based agenda to identify priorities for clinical research in pediatric orthopaedic surgery. Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, 12, 100217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jposna.2025.100217 Lawn, S. D., Harries, A. D., & Wood, R. (2010). Strategies to reduce early morbidity and mortality in adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 5(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e328333850f Layton, A. (2009). The use of isotretinoin in acne. Dermato-endocrinology, 1(3), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.3.9364 Lee, D. J., Kim, P. H., & Koh, C. J. (2010). Current trends in pediatric minimally invasive urologic surgery. Korean journal of urology, 51(2), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2010.51.2.80 Léger, J., & Carel, J. C. (2018). Diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism from prenatal life to adolescence. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 32(4), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2018.03.014 Lekkas, D., Ioannides, D., Lazaridou, E., Lallas, A., Apalla, Z., Vakirlis, E., & Sotiriou, E. (2021). Dermatoscopy in tinea capitis: can it provide clues for the responsible fungi? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV, 35(1), e85–e87. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16825 Leung, D. Y. (2013). New insights into atopic dermatitis: role of skin barrier and immune dysregulation. Allergology international: official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology, 62(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.2332/allergolint.13-RAI-0564 Li, P. K., Szeto, C. C., Piraino, B., de Arteaga, J., Fan, S., Figueiredo, A. E., Fish, D. N., Goffin, E., Kim, Y. L., Salzer, W., Struijk, D. G., Teitelbaum, I., & Johnson, D. W. (2016). ISPD Peritonitis Recommendations: 2016 Update on Prevention and Treatment. Peritoneal dialysis international: journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 36(5), 481–508. https://doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2016.00078 Lock, J., & Derenne, J. (2019). Treating Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: An Update. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 28(4), xiii–xiv. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2019.06.001 Lødrup Carlsen, K. C., Pijnenburg, M. W., & ERS Task Force Monitoring Asthma in Children (2015). Monitoring asthma in childhood. European respiratory review: an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society, 24(136), 178–186. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.00003714 Lovik, K., & Murr, N. I. (2023). Convulsión. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430765/ Lund, C. C., & Browder, N. C. (1944). The estimation of areas of burns. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, 79(3), 352–358. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1984389 Mantecón, A. (2024). ¿Qué es la traumatología pediátrica? https://armandomantecon.com/que-es-la-traumatologia-pediatrica/ Maphalle, L. N. F., Michniak-Kohn, B. B., Ogunrombi, M. O., & Adeleke, O. A. (2022). Pediatric Tuberculosis Management: A Global Challenge or Breakthrough? Children, 9(8), 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081120 Mars, B., Heron, J., Crane, C., Hawton, K., Lewis, G., Macleod, J., Tilling, K., & Gunnell, D. (2014). Clinical and social outcomes of adolescent self-harm: population-based birth cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 349. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5954 Martin, P. (2024). Nephrotic syndrome nursing care plans, interventions, and diagnosis. Nurseslabs. https://nurseslabs.com/nephrotic-syndrome-nursing-care-plans/ Marx, G. E., & Chan, E. D. (2011). Tuberculous meningitis: diagnosis and treatment overview. Tuberculosis research and treatment, 2011, 798764. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798764 Mavroudis, C., & Backer, C. L. (1994). Pediatric cardiac surgery (2nd ed.). Mosby Year Book. Mayer-Davis, E. J., Lawrence, J. M., Dabelea, D., Divers, J., Isom, S., Dolan, L., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Marcovina, S., Pettitt, D. J., Pihoker, C., Saydah, S., Wagenknecht, L., & SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. (2017). Incidence Trends of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths, 2002-2012. The New England journal of medicine, 376(15), 1419–1429. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1610187 Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2025). Diálisis peritoneal. https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/tests-procedures/peritoneal-dialysis/about/pac-20384725#dialogId65210094 Mayo Clinic. (2024). Dengue: Diagnóstico y tratamiento. https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353084 McCormick, D. A., & Contreras, D. (2001). On the cellular and network bases of epileptic seizures. Annual review of physiology, 63, 815–846. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.815 McIntyre, P. B., O'Brien, K. L., Greenwood, B., & van de Beek, D. (2012). Effect of vaccines on bacterial meningitis worldwide. Lancet (London, England), 380(9854), 1703–1711. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61187-8 McQuaid, E. L., Walders, N., Kopel, S. J., Fritz, G. K., & Klinnert, M. D. (2005). Pediatric asthma management in the family context: The Family Asthma Management System Scale. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(6), 492–502. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsi074 Meinzer, A., Alkatout, I., Krebs, T. F., Baastrup, J., Reischig, K., Meiksans, R., & Bergholz, R. (2020). Advances and Trends in Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(12), 3999. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123999 Meningitis Research Foundation. (2025). What is TB meningitis? https://www.meningitis.org/meningitis/bacterial-meningitis/tb-(tuberculosis)-meningitis Mercy Health. (2025). Cirugía abdominal. https://www.mercy.com/health-care-services/general-surgery/specialties/abdominal-surgery Miller, M. R., Hankinson, J., Brusasco, V., Burgos, F., Casaburi, R., Coates, A., Crapo, R., Enright, P., van der Grinten, C. P., Gustafsson, P., Jensen, R., Johnson, D. C., MacIntyre, N., McKay, R., Navajas, D., Pedersen, O. F., Pellegrino, R., Viegi, G., Wanger, J., & ATS/ERS Task Force (2005). Standardisation of spirometry. The European respiratory journal, 26(2), 319–338. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00034805 Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. (2023). Dengue. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/publica/PET/paginas/dengue.aspx Mughal, F., Ougrin, D., Stephens, L., Vijayakumar, L., & Kapur, N. (2024). Assessment and management of self-harm and suicide risk in young people. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 386. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-073515 Mula, M., & Sander, J. W. (2016). Psychosocial aspects of epilepsy: a wider approach. BJPsych open, 2(4), 270–274. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002345 Nahid, P., Dorman, S. E., Alipanah, N., Barry, P. M., Brozek, J. L., Cattamanchi, A., Chaisson, L. H., Chaisson, R. E., Daley, C. L., Grzemska, M., Higashi, J. M., Ho, C. S., Hopewell, P. C., Keshavjee, S. A., Lienhardt, C., Menzies, R., Merrifield, C., Narita, M., O'Brien, R., Peloquin, C. A., … Vernon, A. (2016). Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 63(7), 147–195. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw376 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. (2007). Expert panel report 3: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/EPR-3_Asthma_Full_Report_2007.pdf National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2025). Anemia aplásica. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/es/salud/anemia/anemia-aplasica Navia, J., & Rojas, P. (2025). Síndrome edematoso en pediatría. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. https://medicina.uc.cl/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/81.-Si%CC%81ndrome-edematoso-Javiera-Navia.docx Nemeth, V., & Pfleghaar, N. (2022). Diarrea. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448082/ Nguyen, T. P., & Taylor, R. S. (2023). Síndrome de Guillain-Barré. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532254/ Nickavar, A., & Sotoudeh, K. (2011). Treatment and prophylaxis in pediatric urinary tract infection. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2(1), 4–9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3063462/ Nieuwhof-Leppink, A. J., Garriboli, M., Cascio, S., Braga, L. H., Haid, B., Nelson, C. P., Dönmez, M. I., Ching, C. B., Harper, L., & ESPU Research Committee. (2024). Elevating pediatric urology care: The crucial role of nursing research in quality improvement. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 20(3), 522-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.01.032 Nock, M. K., Green, J. G., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2013). Prevalence, correlates, and treatment of lifetime suicidal behavior among adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. JAMA psychiatry, 70(3), 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.55 Northern Trust Health and Social Care Services. (2023). Trastornos hematológicos. https://www.northerntrust.hscni.net/services/cancer-services/cancer-types/haematological-disorders/ Northwestern Medicine. (2025). Tétanos en niños. https://encyclopedia.nm.org/Spanish/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/Infectious/90,P05659 Nourse, P., Cullis, B., Finkelstein, F., Numanoglu, A., Warady, B., Antwi, S., & McCulloch, M. (2021). ISPD guidelines for peritoneal dialysis in acute kidney injury: 2020 Update (paediatrics). Peritoneal dialysis international: journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 41(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896860820982120 Nutten, S. (2015). Atopic dermatitis: global epidemiology and risk factors. Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 66 Suppl 1, 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1159/000370220 Öcal-Demir, S., Kahraman, K., Bozbeyoğlu, G., & Esen, F. (2024). Clinical Presentation of Cat Scratch Disease in Pediatric Patients-A Single-Center Study. Turkish archives of pediatrics, 59(6), 574–579. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2024.24032 O'Donnell, J. M., & Nácul, F. E. (Eds.). (2016). Surgical intensive care medicine. Springer. Ohgi, S., & Gu, S. (2013). Pediatric burn rehabilitation: Philosophy and strategies. Burns & trauma, 1(2), 73–79. https://doi.org/10.4103/2321-3868.118930 Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2023). Dengue y dengue grave. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2025). Dengue. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue Padalko, A., Spiwak, R. P., & Logsetty, S. (2025). Burns. In L. Marshall Gillman & S. Widder (Eds.), Trauma Team Dynamics (pp. 479–485). Springer. Pettoello-Mantovani, M., Campanozzi, A., Maiuri, L., & Giardino, I. (2009). Family-oriented and family-centered care in pediatrics. Italian journal of pediatrics, 35(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-35-12 Pham, T. N., Cancio, L. C., Gibran, N. S., & American Burn Association (2008). American Burn Association practice guidelines burn shock resuscitation. Journal of burn care & research: official publication of the American Burn Association, 29(1), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e31815f3876 Pinhas-Hamiel, O., & Zeitler, P. (2023). Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: A focus on diagnosis and treatment. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK597439/ Popovsky, E. Y., & Florin, T. A. (2022). Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood. Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine, 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102723-3.00013-5 Pui, C. H., Robison, L. L., & Look, A. T. (2008). Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet (London, England), 371(9617), 1030–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60457-2 Retrosi, C., Diociaiuti, A., De Ranieri, C., Corbeddu, M., Carnevale, C., Giancristoforo, S., Marchili, M. R., Salvatori, G., Atti, M. L. C. D., El Hachem, M., & Raponi, M. (2022). Multidisciplinary care for patients with epidermolysis bullosa from birth to adolescence: experience of one Italian reference center. Italian journal of pediatrics, 48(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01252-3 Riccabona, M., Lobo, M. L., Augdal, T. A., Avni, F., Blickman, J., Bruno, C., Damasio, M. B., Darge, K., Mentzel, H. J., Napolitano, M., Ntoulia, A., Papadopoulou, F., Petit, P., Woźniak, M. M., & Ording-Müller, L. S. (2018). European Society of Pediatric Radiology Abdominal Imaging Task Force recommendations in pediatric Ur radiology, part X: how to perform pediatric gastrointestinal ultrasonography, use gadolinium as a contrast agent in children, follow up pediatric testicular microlithiasis, and an update on pediatric contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Pediatric radiology, 48(10), 1528–1536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-018-4147-3 Richmond, E. J., & Rogol, A. D. (2008). Growth hormone deficiency in children. Pituitary, 11(2), 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-008-0105-7 Robinson, C. H., Jeyakumar, N., Luo, B., Askenazi, D., Deep, A., Garg, A. X., Goldstein, S., Greenberg, J. H., Mammen, C., Nash, D. M., Parekh, R. S., Silver, S. A., Thabane, L., Wald, R., Zappitelli, M., & Chanchlani, R. (2024). Long-Term Kidney Outcomes after Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: JASN, 35(11), 1520–1532. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.0000000000000445 Roos, K. L. (2015). Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 21(6 Neuroinfectious Disease), 1679–1691. https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000000242 Roper, M. H., Vandelaer, J. H., & Gasse, F. L. (2007). Maternal and neonatal tetanus. Lancet (London, England), 370(9603), 1947–1959. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61261-6 Roriz, M., & Henniart, A. (2020). Edemas: Del síntoma al diagnóstico. EMC - Tratado de Medicina, 24(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1636-5410(20)44017-6 Rose, S. R., Wassner, A. J., Wintergerst, K. A., Yayah-Jones, N. H., Hopkin, R. J., Chuang, J., Smith, J. R., Abell, K., & LaFranchi, S. H. (2023). Congenital Hypothyroidism: Screening and Management. Pediatrics, 151(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-060419 Rosello, R., Gledhill, J., Yi, I., Watkins, B., Harvey, L., Hosking, A., Viner, R., & Nicholls, D. (2021). Early intervention in child and adolescent eating disorders: The role of a parenting group. European eating disorders review: the journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 29(3), 519–526. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2798 Rowley, J., Vander Hoorn, S., Korenromp, E., Low, N., Unemo, M., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chico, R. M., Smolak, A., Newman, L., Gottlieb, S., Thwin, S. S., Broutet, N., & Taylor, M. M. (2019). Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 97(8), 548–562P. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.228486 Rudan, I., O'Brien, K. L., Nair, H., Liu, L., Theodoratou, E., Qazi, S., Lukšić, I., Fischer Walker, C. L., Black, R. E., Campbell, H., & Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG). (2013). Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. Journal of global health, 3(1), 010401. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.03.010401 Ruenger, T. M. (2025). Introducción a la dermatitis. https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/trastornos-de-la-piel/prurito-y-dermatitis/introducci%C3%B3n-a-la-dermatitis Sachs, M. K., Kahr, P. C., Scheld, H. H., & Drees, G. (2014). Need for psychosocial assistance in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery evaluated by a seven-item questionnaire. The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon, 62(8), 662–669. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1371532 Samarasinghe, S., Veys, P., Vora, A., & Wynn, R. (2018). Paediatric amendment to adult BSH guidelines for aplastic anaemia. British Journal of Haematology, 180(2), 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15066 Saunders, R. B., Miller, B. B., & Cates, K. M. (1989). Pediatric family care: an interdisciplinary team approach. Children's health care: journal of the Association for the Care of Children's Health, 18(1), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc1801_8 Scheffer, I. E., Berkovic, S., Capovilla, G., Connolly, M. B., French, J., Guilhoto, L., Hirsch, E., Jain, S., Mathern, G. W., Moshé, S. L., Nordli, D. R., Perucca, E., Tomson, T., Wiebe, S., Zhang, Y. H., & Zuberi, S. M. (2017). ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia, 58(4), 512–521. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13709 Schoeman, J. F., & Donald, P. R. (2013). Tuberculous meningitis. Handbook of clinical neurology, 112, 1135–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52910-7.00033-7 Seebacher, C., Bouchara, J. P., & Mignon, B. (2008). Updates on the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections. Mycopathologia, 166(5-6), 335–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-008-9100-9 Seniwati, T., Rustina, Y., Nurhaeni, N., & Wanda, D. (2023). Patient and family-centered care for children: A concept analysis. Belitung Nursing Journal, 9(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.2350 Shah, I. (2012). Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 31(9), 970–972. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318260b8a7 Shaikh, N., Morone, N. E., Bost, J. E., & Farrell, M. H. (2008). Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 27(4), 302–308. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e31815e4122 Sheridan, R. L. (2018). Burn care for children. Pediatrics in Review, 39(6), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2016-0179 Shorvon, S. D., Andermann, F., & Guerrini, R. (Eds.). (2011). The causes of epilepsy: Common and uncommon causes in adults and children (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. Sizonenko, P. C., Clayton, P. E., Cohen, P., Hintz, R. L., Tanaka, T., & Laron, Z. (2001). Diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency in childhood and adolescence. Part 1: diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. Growth hormone & IGF research: official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society, 11(3), 137–165. https://doi.org/10.1054/ghir.2001.0203 Smith, D. K., Kuckel, D. P., & Recidoro, A. M. (2021). Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: Rapid Evidence Review. American family physician, 104(6), 618–625. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34913645/ Stanford Medicine Children's Health. (2025). Meningitis en niños. https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/es/topic/default?id=meningitis-in-children-90-P05638 Sutaria, A. H., Masood, S., Saleh, H. M., & Schlessinger, J. (2023). Acne vulgaris. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459173/ 't Hoen, L. A., Bogaert, G., Radmayr, C., Dogan, H. S., Nijman, R. J. M., Quaedackers, J., Rawashdeh, Y. F., Silay, M. S., Tekgul, S., Bhatt, N. R., & Stein, R. (2021). Update of the EAU/ESPU guidelines on urinary tract infections in children. Journal of pediatric urology, 17(2), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.01.037 Tan, J. S. K., Tan, L. E. S., Davis, C., & Chew, C. S. E. (2022). Eating disorders in children and adolescents. Singapore Medical Journal, 63(6), 294–298. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2022078 Thomas, A., Rubenstein, J., & Jarrell, J. A. (2021). Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care #405. Journal of palliative medicine, 24(1), 133–134. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2020.0581 Thwaites, G. E., & Tran, T. H. (2005). Tuberculous meningitis: many questions, too few answers. The Lancet. Neurology, 4(3), 160–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(05)01013-6 Thwaites, G. E., Nguyen, D. B., Nguyen, H. D., Hoang, T. Q., Do, T. T., Nguyen, T. C., Nguyen, Q. H., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, N. H., Nguyen, T. N., Nguyen, N. L., Nguyen, H. D., Vu, N. T., Cao, H. H., Tran, T. H., Pham, P. M., Nguyen, T. D., Stepniewska, K., White, N. J., Tran, T. H., … Farrar, J. J. (2004). Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. The New England journal of medicine, 351(17), 1741–1751. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040573 Toma, A., Voicu, D., Popazu, C., Mihalache, D., Duca, O., Dănilă, D. M., & Enescu, D. M. (2024). Severity and Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Burns-A Comprehensive Analysis of Influencing Factors. Journal of personalized medicine, 14(8), 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14080788 Toro-Pérez, D., Limonero, J. T., Guillen, M., Bolancé, C., Vilarrubí, S. N., & Camprodon-Rosanas, E. (2024). Evaluating quality of life in pediatric palliative care: a cross-sectional analysis of children's and parents' perspectives. European journal of pediatrics, 183(3), 1305–1314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-05330-4 Tramper-Stranders, G. A. (2018). Childhood community-acquired pneumonia: A review of etiology- and antimicrobial treatment studies. Paediatric respiratory reviews, 26, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2017.06.013 Trinka, E., Cock, H., Hesdorffer, D., Rossetti, A. O., Scheffer, I. E., Shinnar, S., Shorvon, S., & Lowenstein, D. H. (2015). A definition and classification of status epilepticus--Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia, 56(10), 1515–1523. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13121 Tucker, D., & Masood, S. (2024). Seborrheic dermatitis. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551707/ Tullus, K., & Shaikh, N. (2020). Urinary tract infections in children. Lancet (London, England), 395(10237), 1659–1668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30676-0 Tunkel, A. R., Hartman, B. J., Kaplan, S. L., Kaufman, B. A., Roos, K. L., Scheld, W. M., & Whitley, R. J. (2004). Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 39(9), 1267–1284. https://doi.org/10.1086/425368 Tuokkola, J., Anderson, C. E., Collins, S., Pugh, P., Vega, M. R. W., Harmer, M., Harshman, L. A., Nelms, C. L., Toole, B., Desloovere, A., Paglialonga, F., Polderman, N., Renken-Terhaerdt, J., Shroff, R., Snauwaert, E., Stabouli, S., Walle, J. V., Warady, B. A., Shaw, V., & Greenbaum, L. A. (2025). Assessment and management of magnesium and trace element status in children with CKD stages 2-5, on dialysis and post-transplantation: Clinical practice points from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 40(10), 3301–3323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-025-06759-5 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. (2025). Nephrotic syndrome in children. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/children/nephrotic-syndrome-children U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2023). Trastornos renales y urológicos. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/ency/article/001265.htm U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024a). Herpes simple. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/herpessimplex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024b). Quemaduras. https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/burns.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024c). Trastornos de la alimentación: Lo que debe saber. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/espanol/los-trastornos-de-la-alimentacion U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2025). Enfermedad de transmisión sexual. https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/def/enfermedad-de-transmision-sexual UCLA Health. (2025). Pediatric Urology Conditions. https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/urology/conditions-treated/pediatric-conditions/pediatric-urology-conditions UNAIDS. (2025). Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet United Nations Children's Fund. (2024). Diarrhoeal disease. UNICEF. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease University of Michigan. (2025). Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Disease. https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/endocrinology-diabetes-and-metabolism/hyperthyroidism-and-graves-disease Vaidya, S. R., & Aeddula, N. R. (2024). Enfermedad renal crónica. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535404/ Van de Beek, D., Brouwer, M., Hasbun, R., Koedel, U., Whitney, C. G., & Wijdicks, E. (2016). Community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2, 16074. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.74 Vasileiadis, V., Najem, S., Reinshagen, K., Aigner, A., & Koenigs, I., & the German Burn Registry. (2024). Fluid and burns in children: What we know and what we do not know—a retrospective analysis of the German Burn Registry from 2015 to 2022. European Journal of Pediatrics, 183(5479–5488). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-024-05797-9 Vatcharasaevee, V. (2023). Pediatric Dengue Patients Monitoring. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/dengue/webinar-series-on-dengue-outbreak/day3/6.-ms-varunee-and-prof-vipa-pediatrc-dengue-patients-monitoring.pdf?sfvrsn=ff8d4919_1 Vinaik, R., Fish, J., & Jeschke, M. G. (2020). Burn Hypertrophic Scar in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Case. In L. Téot (Eds.) et. al., Textbook on Scar Management: State of the Art Management and Emerging Technologies. (pp. 517–521). Springer. Wang, L., & Liu, H. (2019). Pathogenesis of aplastic anemia. Hematology, 24(1), 559–566. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078454.2019.1642548 Warady, B. A., Alexander, S. R., & Schaefer, F. (Eds.). (2021). Pediatric dialysis (3rd ed.). Springer. Warady, B. A., Same, R., Borzych-Duzalka, D., Neu, A. M., El Mikati, I., Mustafa, R. A., Begin, B., Nourse, P., Bakkaloglu, S. A., Chadha, V., Cano, F., Yap, H. K., Shen, Q., Newland, J., Verrina, E., Wirtz, A. L., Smith, V., & Schaefer, F. (2024). Clinical practice guideline for the prevention and management of peritoneal dialysis associated infections in children: 2024 update. Peritoneal dialysis international: journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 44(5), 303–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/08968608241274096 Wassner, A. J. (2017). Pediatric Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. Paediatric drugs, 19(4), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-017-0238-0 Waters, P. M., Skaggs, D. L., & Flynn, J. M. (2024). Rockwood and Wilkins' fractures in children. Wolters Kluwer. Weidinger, S., & Novak, N. (2016). Atopic dermatitis. Lancet (London, England), 387(10023), 1109–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00149-X White, N. J., Pukrittayakamee, S., Hien, T. T., Faiz, M. A., Mokuolu, O. A., & Dondorp, A. M. (2014). Malaria. Lancet (London, England), 383(9918), 723–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60024-0 Whitley, R. J., & Roizman, B. (2001). Herpes simplex virus infections. Lancet (London, England), 357(9267), 1513–1518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04638-9 Wiebe, S. (2013). Definition of drug-resistant epilepsy: is it evidence based? Epilepsia, 54 Suppl 2, 9–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12176 Willis-Knighton Health. (2025). ¿Qué es la cirugía cardiotorácica? https://kidshealth.org/WillisKnighton/es/parents/hcp-cardiothoracic.html Willison, H. J., Jacobs, B. C., & Van Doorn, P. A. (2016). Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet (London, England), 388(10045), 717–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1 Winick, C. (1962). Maturing out of narcotic addiction. Bulletin on Narcotics, 14(1), 1–7. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1962-01-01_1_page002.html Woolard, A., Hill, N. T. M., McQueen, M., Martin, L., Milroy, H., Wood, F. M., Bullman, I., & Lin, A. (2021). The psychological impact of paediatric burn injuries: a systematic review. BMC public health, 21(1), 2281. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12296-1 Workowski, K. A., Bolan, G. A., & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports, 64(RR-03), 1–137. World Gastroenterology Organisation. (2012). Acute Diarrhea in Adults and Children: A Global Perspective. https://www.worldgastroenterology.org/guidelines/acute-diarrhea/acute-diarrhea-english World Health Organization. (2014). Revised WHO classification and treatment of pneumonia in children at health facilities: Evidence summaries. WHO. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/137319/9789241507813_eng.pdf World Health Organization. (2017). Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/255884/9789241550062-eng.pdf?sequence=1 World Health Organization. (2020). WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: Module 4: Treatment -Drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment? WHO. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/332397/9789240007048-eng.pdf?sequence=1 World Health Organization. (2023a). Burns. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/burns World Health Organization. (2023b). Diarrhea. https://www.who.int/health-topics/diarrhoea World Health Organization. (2023c). World malaria report 2023. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/374472/9789240086173-eng.pdf?sequence=1 World Health Organization. (2024). Tuberculosis: TB multirresistente (TB-MDR) o TB resistente a la rifampicina (TB-RR). https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/tuberculosis-multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis-(mdr-tb) World Health Organization. (2025). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis) Young, N. S. (2013). Current concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of aplastic anemia. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2013(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.76 Youssef, M., Hassan, Y., Abd El-Aziz, A., & Mohammed, H. (2019). Nurses' care provided to burned children at Assiut Hospitals. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal, 7(19), 41-51. https://doi.org/10.21608/asnj.2019.74176 Yuen, K. C. J., Johannsson, G., Ho, K. K. Y., Miller, B. S., Bergada, I., & Rogol, A. D. (2023). Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: A global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis. Endocrine Connections, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-22-0504 Yuki, N., & Hartung, H. P. (2012). Guillain-Barré syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 366(24), 2294–2304. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1114525 Zaenglein, A. L., Pathy, A. L., Schlosser, B. J., Alikhan, A., Baldwin, H. E., Berson, D. S., Bowe, W. P., Graber, E. M., Harper, J. C., Kang, S., Keri, J. E., Leyden, J. J., Reynolds, R. V., Silverberg, N. B., Stein Gold, L. F., Tollefson, M. M., Weiss, J. S., Dolan, N. C., Sagan, A. A., Stern, M., … Bhushan, R. (2016). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74(5), 945–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037