Towards Engineering Product Digital Twins for Industry 5.0: Definition and Modeling Approach

The vision of Industry 5.0 builds upon the advanced technologies of Industry 4.0, aligning its emerging concepts with three key pillars: human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. In this context, the idea of the Product Digital Twin (PDT), first introduced in 2002, which has further matured (and refined) by the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) standard, must continue evolving to integrate the vision of Digital Product Passport (DPP) as promoted via several initiatives from the European Commission. Moreover, positioning PDT correctly within this broader context of Industry 5.0 is crucial, as it involves the modeling and implementation of PDT instances, which then significantly influence manufacturing applications. To address this need, this paper first harmonizes different PDT definitions and then proposes a modeling and deployment approach appropriate to the new concept of PDT information models.