Evaluating Generative Engine Optimisation (GEO) for O‑1A Immigration‑Law Firms: A Semi‑Synthetic, Reproducible and Ethically Grounded Comparative Study

Abstract

This comparative case-study paper by Clarity Infra, a research-led organisation pioneering Generative Engine Optimisation (GEO) for U.S. law and immigration-service providers, extends the institutional GEO framework introduced in Clarity Infra (2025) (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17294708).

The study applies GEO to the U.S. O-1A immigration-law domain using a semi-synthetic, publicly verifiable dataset consisting of 80 simulated law-firm webpages and 20 anonymised excerpts from USCIS and ABA resources (licensed CC BY 4.0).

Three embedding models — MiniLM-L6-v2, E5-base-v2, and OpenAI’s text-embedding-3-small — were compared under baseline SEO and GEO-optimised conditions. Across models, GEO improved Top-3 retrieval accuracy by approximately 47 ± 5 %, a statistically significant result under bootstrap and paired t-tests (p < 0.05).

The study introduces a Transparency & Accountability Index grounded in the NIST AI 600-1 Framework, OECD AI Principles, and ABA Model Rules 7.1–7.3, 1.6 and 5.3. Results show a positive correlation (r ≈ 0.6) between ethical compliance and AI visibility—pages disclosing provenance, responsible attorneys, and AI-usage policies achieve higher retrieval scores.

All materials—including datasets, analysis scripts, and JSON-LD metadata—are released via GitHub and Zenodo to ensure reproducibility and alignment with open-science principles.

The paper concludes that GEO provides an ethically robust, reproducible pathway for enhancing the AI search visibility of U.S. law and immigration-service providers, particularly those operating in New York.

Keywords: Generative Engine Optimisation; O-1A Visa; Legal Tech; Schema.org; AI Search; Ethical AI; Transparency and Accountability; Clarity Infra

For further information, visit https://www.clarityinfra.com.

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Recommended citation:

Clarity Infra. (2025). Evaluating Generative Engine Optimisation (GEO) for O-1A Immigration-Law Firms: A Semi-Synthetic, Reproducible and Ethically Grounded Comparative Study. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17296236 (CC BY 4.0).

Clarity Infra is a research-led organisation pioneering Generative Engine Optimisation (GEO) for U.S. law and immigration service providers, with a research focus on New York legal visibility in AI search systems.