Multi-ensemble Biomass-burning Emissions Inventory (MBEI)_v1.1

MBEI is a monthly, 0.1° global biomass-burning emissions ensemble for 2003–2023 that unifies two complementary pathways: a bottom-up line based on burned area and fuel load and a top-down line based on satellite fire radiative power (FRP). All inputs are harmonized to 0.1°/monthly grids, and emissions are provided for 11 species using land-cover- and region-specific emission factors. 

Eight sub-inventories and their naming.
Each member name encodes four choices: method (BU/TD), active-fire confidence (AC/HC), and the key dataset varied within that method.

BU-AC-GB — Bottom-Up, All-Confidence, GlobBiomass: uses all MODIS active fires and the GlobBiomass AGB map to drive fuel load.
BU-AC-BC — Bottom-Up, All-Confidence, Biomass_cci: identical to BU-AC-GB except AGB comes from Biomass_cci.
BU-HC-GB — Bottom-Up, High-Confidence, GlobBiomass: same as BU-AC-GB but restricted to medium-to-high confidence fire pixels (>30%).
BU-HC-BC — Bottom-Up, High-Confidence, Biomass_cci: high-confidence fires with Biomass_cci AGB.
TD-AC-LC30 — Top-Down, All-Confidence, 30-class: FRP-to-DM conversion uses a 30-class biome CR map.
TD-AC-LC8 — Top-Down, All-Confidence, 8-class: conversion uses the GFAS 8-class biome CR map.
TD-HC-LC30 — Top-Down, High-Confidence, 30-class: as TD-AC-LC30 but limited to medium-to-high confidence fires.
TD-HC-LC8 — Top-Down, High-Confidence, 8-class: as TD-AC-LC8 with the high-confidence filter.
Methods and core inputs.

Active fire detections & FRP: MODIS NRT MCD14DL (Terra & Aqua) provides 1-km fire pixels, confidence, and FRP, aggregated to monthly 0.1°. Two confidence streams are run in parallel (AC vs HC >30%).
Bottom-up pathway (BU):
Build a dynamic annual AGB series by scaling baseline AGB (either GlobBiomass or Biomass_cci) with interannual changes in MODIS NPP (MYD17A3HGF).
Compute annual burned dry-matter density (BD) allowing multiple fires per year via sequential consumption with land-cover-specific burning efficiency (BE).
Estimate annual emissions as BA × BD × EF, where burned area (BA) is derived from the active-fire mask times pixel area.
Downscale to months using the monthly share of cumulative FRE from observed FRP.
Inputs: MCD12Q1 land cover (IGBP) to assign BE (Mieville/Shi) and EF by GFED region × land-cover class.
Top-down pathway (TD):
Reconstruct daily FRE from instantaneous FRP by fitting a Gaussian diurnal cycle (parameters inferred from long-term Terra:Aqua FRP ratios), correct Terra FRP magnitude relative to Aqua, and average Aqua- and Terra-based FRE. Convert FRE to combusted dry matter using biome-specific conversion factors (CR) from either the 30-class or 8-class map, then apply EF and aggregate to monthly totals.
Harmonization & outputs: All members share the same spatial (0.1°) and temporal (monthly) grid; emissions are provided alongside the ensemble mean, min, and max to bracket uncertainty.

This structure allows users to select a member consistent with their assumptions (e.g., conservative HC filtering, preferred AGB or CR scheme) or to propagate the full ensemble spread in downstream atmospheric or biogeochemical applications.

If you have any question, please contact 23210713000020@hainanu.edu.cn