Multiband Characterization of Radio Propagation Into and Inside Vehicles

In-vehicle subnetworks are expected to support localized and high performance connectivity within, and into, a vehicle for sixth generation (6G) communication systems. As vehicles are not specifically designed with future generation wireless systems in mind, it is crucial to investigate multiband channel characteristics of both in-vehicle and Outdoor-to-vehicle scenarios to design 6G systems in such environments for both system optimization and interference analysis. This paper presents channel measurements in the foregoing scenarios at multiple bands including FR1, FR2, FR3 (7-24 GHz), and sub-THz. Comprehensive analysis has been conducted in terms of attenuation, fading characteristics and angular and delay dispersion based on multidimensional channel measurements on a few different real-world car models.