CONNECTORS: THE CORNERSTONE OF STRENGTH AND LONGEVITY IN FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES

Connectors are essential components of fixed partial dentures (FPDs), uniting retainers and pontics to form stable and functional prosthesis. Their design significantly influences the prosthesiss biomechanical performance, durability, and esthetic outcome.Connectors are broadly categorized into rigid and non rigid types. Rigid connectors are designed and integrated into the wax pattern after the retainers and pontics have been shaped to their final contours, but prior to margin refinement and the investing procedure. In contrast, non-rigid connectors like Tenon-mortise, loop, split pontics, and cross pin & wing are indicated in complex situations such as pier abutments or misaligned abutments, where they help relieve stress and prevent complications like retainer failure or intrusion of abutments. Successful connector design requires careful consideration of size, shape location, occlusal load, hygiene maintenance,and esthetics. Advancements in digital dentistry, including CAD/CAM and laser welding techniques, have enhanced connector precision, fit, and overall clinical outcomes. This review article emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate connector type based on clinical indications, and outlines key design and fabrication considerations that contribute to the long-term success of FPDs.