Expansion of the initial Dynamic Model of CE with the Nordic power system and implementation on OPAL-RT's ePHASORsim EDyMCE-Nord

The main goals of this work were to expand the initial dynamic model of CE (IDMCE) with the 
Nordic power system model (NPSM) and an HVDC interconnection, and then to deploy the 
expanded model in the OPAL-RT simulation platform for potential transient stability studies 
considering HIL methods. In light of this, three different implementation schemes were devel
oped, including: 1) the assembling of the IDMCE, the HVDC link, and the NPSM altogether 
into one system and in PSS/E format, and then supplemented with an FMU based HVDC 
representation for compatibility reasons in ePHASORsim, 2) a co-simulation scheme with 
only the IDMCE and the NPSM incorporated into one *.raw/*.dyr file and the dynamics of an 
HVDC interconnection integrated through a Simulink model, and 3) a geographically distrib
uted co-simulation scheme with the IDMCE running on one OP5600 simulation system 
(ZHAW side) and the NPSM and HVDC model running on another OP5600 hardware (SIN
TEF side). 
Using the base case scenarios portrayed by the considered power system models, offline 
and real-time simulations were carried out to qualitatively assess the dynamic performance of 
the expanded grid. For this purpose, no fault conditions and step changes on the reference 
active power of the converter controlling the power flow through the HVDC link were as
sumed, and the frequency dynamics at representative buses in the involved networks were 
monitored and analysed. Real-time simulation results from the predefined set point changes 
in the real power injected to the IDMCE showed expected system performance in terms of 
transient frequency deviations and new steady state operating points. Moreover, the geo
graphically distributed co-simulation configuration provided a viable alternative for the real
time simulation of very large power systems, since limitations such as the size of the system 
that can be run in a particular target environment or the unavailability to share grid models 
due to non-disclosure agreements may be overcome in this way. 
The extended power system model (obtained through the three proposed implementation 
schemes) can now be utilized for multiple applications, including the development and evalu
ation of advanced and innovative control mechanisms for large and practical power grids 
under real-time HIL simulation setups. Achievements of the work reported here will be dis
seminated through technical conference papers and exploited with industrial partners in fu
ture collaboration projects.