Holistic Interpretation of a Standing Caliph Die: The Standing Caliph Dinar of Damascus – Undated Standing Caliph Gold Coinage in Context

This informal paper examines unique Umayyad coin dies originally used for a gold Standing Caliph dinar, later repurposed for copper fulūs and known from a surviving lead trial strike. By analyzing die-linkages, mint distribution, and historical context, it argues that the dies began in centralized Damascus minting for high-value coinage, was tested in lead, then redistributed to regional mints for copper issues. The study proposes an undocumented early phase of Umayyad monetary history—the “Undated Standing Caliph Gold Coinage”—predating the dated 74–77 AH series