5G/6G Architecture Evolution for XR and Metaverse: Feasibility Study, Security, and Privacy Challenges for Smart Culture Applications

This paper investigates the evolution of 5G/6G architectures to support demanding
Extended Reality (XR) and Metaverse applications, focusing specifically on the ‘‘smart culture’’ domain.
We evaluate the capabilities of the 5G Service-Based Architecture (SBA), including Multi-Access Edge
Computing (MEC) and network analytics, through a comprehensive feasibility study comparing stringent
XR requirements (bitrate, latency, capacity, power, accuracy) against current 5G performance. Our key
contribution is the identification of significant performance gaps where 5G struggles to meet the demands of
advanced XR, particularly concerning capacity, scalability, and ultra-low latency. Furthermore, we provide
a detailed analysis of critical security and privacy challenges inherent in 5G-enabled XR environments,
including virtualization vulnerabilities, API security, and sensitive data protection. While 5G provides core
capabilities, significant challenges persist, emphasizing the need for continued research and the evolution
toward 6G to effectively support immersive experiences in smart culture and the Metaverse.