The “Segmented Internal Organs of the Visible Human Male” or simply “Segmented Internal Organs” or “SIO” is a high-resolution voxel model of the torso and internal organs of a man with more than 200 identified and labeled anatomical objects. It is based on the Visible Human Male published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

This record is hosted under the Zenodo "NCI Imaging Data Commons" organization, since Imaging Data Commons is planning to harmonize and ingest this dataset, to accompany the Visible Human Dataset already available from IDC (see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12690049). This record will be updated with a new version, once harmonization and ingestion into IDC is completed.

1       License Notice

The Segmented Internal Organs is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). Under this license, you are free to share and adapt the data, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (“attribution”).

For credit, you may use the following reference, and/or cite one of the papers listed below:

Karl Heinz Höhne, Bernhard Pflesser, Andreas Pommert, Martin Riemer, Thomas Schiemann, Rainer Schubert, Udo Schumacher, Ulf Tiede: Segmented Internal Organs of the Visible Human Male. Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 License, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15882018

To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ , or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, U.S.A.

2       Files contained in this Package

• rgb1256.tif – rgb2029.tif
• frozenCT1256.tif – frozenCT2029.tif
• labels1256.tif – labels2029.tif
• SIO Object Labels.xlsx

3       Description of the Model

3.1       Images

The Segmented Internal Organs (SIO) represent a volume of 573×330×774 voxels of 1 mm³ each. The 3D model consists of 774 slices, each represented by three geometrically aligned TIFF images:

• Cryosection image (24-bit RGB color).                Example: rgb1256.tif
• Frozen CT image (8-bit grayscale).                      Example: frozenCT1256.tif
• Label image (16-bit numerical object labels).      Example: labels1256.tif

The number in the file name stands for the slice position, so images with the same number represent the same position.  

3.2       Label images

The numbers (pixel values) in the label images indicate to which anatomical object a voxel belongs, e.g.

• ascending aorta: 511
• arch of aorta: 512
• descending aorta: 513
• abdominal aorta: 514

Please note that some objects may be represented by more than one label, especially larger structures.

3.3       Object labels

The full list of segmented anatomical structures and their label numbers is given in the separate file SIO Object Labels.xlsx enclosed in this package.

4       Disclaimer

The SIO are provided “as is”. The authors make no warranties of any kind concerning SIO, whether expressed, implied, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of accuracy, completeness, availability, or fitness for a particular purpose.

5       Contact

If you have any questions, you can reach us at

info@virtual-body.org

6       References

1.     Karl Heinz Höhne, Bernhard Pflesser, Andreas Pommert, Martin Riemer, Rainer Schubert, Thomas Schiemann, Ulf Tiede, Udo Schumacher: A realistic model of human structure from the Visible Human data. Methods Inf. Med. 40 (2), 2001, 83-89.

2.     Andreas Pommert, Karl Heinz Höhne, Bernhard Pflesser, Ernst Richter, Martin Riemer, Thomas Schiemann, Rainer Schubert, Udo Schumacher, Ulf Tiede: Creating a high-resolution spatial/symbolic model of the inner organs based on the Visible Human. Med. Image Anal. 5 (3), 2001, 221-228.

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