SpongeScapes

Part of EU Open Research Repository
Published July 13, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Benefits, co‑benefits, and trade‑offs in natural water retention measures: a review of classifications and indicators

Creators

  • 1. ROR icon University of Padua
  • 2. University of Padova

Description

This paper reviews classifications and indicators of benefits, co-benefits, and trade-offs in Natural Water Retention Measures (NWRMs). It addresses the lack of comprehensive frameworks by developing a new classification that includes biophysical and socio-economic impacts. It also compiles indicators for assessment and provides a trade-off classification to support planning and policy.

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Additional details

Funding

European Commission
SpongeScapes - Evidence and Solutions for improving SPONGE Functioning at LandSCAPE Scale in European Catchments for increased Resilience of Communities against Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 101112738
UK Research and Innovation
SpongeScapes: Evidence and Solutions for improving SPONGE Functioning at LandSCAPE Scale in European Catchments for increased Resilience of Communities against Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 10093115