Virtual Reality in Construction Safety Training

Introduction

The construction industry (known as BTP in France) is one of the sectors most affected by workplace accidents. In 2023, more than 76,000 occupational accidents were recorded in France, including 149 fatal ones. This context highlights the importance of robust safety training for workers to reduce incidents and improve jobsite awareness. While traditional methods like in-person lectures, video-based training, or practical demonstrations remain in use, the integration of innovative technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) has begun transforming safety training strategies in the sector. This extended abstract explores the potential, benefits, and limitations of VR in this domain, as well as its integration with existing pedagogical practices.

Traditional Safety Training in Construction

Historically, safety training has relied heavily on physical, face-to-face sessions where trainers explain risks, demonstrate protective equipment usage, and evaluate participants through quizzes or role-plays. Although effective, these methods can lack flexibility, personalization, and sometimes fail to fully engage the workforce. Additionally, simulating hazardous conditions realistically in real life often comes with ethical, safety, and logistical challenges.

Digital learning formats—such as distance learning platforms, serious games, and blended learning—have emerged to supplement these traditional approaches. Initiatives such as "100 minutes pour la vie" or simulation-based activities like the hazard-hunting game developed by Converso TP illustrate how gamification is used to create more immersive and memorable learning experiences.

The Rise of Virtual Reality in BTP Safety Training

Virtual Reality introduces a shift in how construction safety training can be delivered. Using immersive headsets and 3D environments, workers can be trained in simulated worksite conditions that replicate real-life risks—without physical danger. VR modules can guide users through emergency scenarios, equipment operations, risk identification exercises, and decision-making under stress.

Several applications have been tested in France, including virtual trench collapse scenarios and simulations of hazardous equipment use. By reproducing dangerous conditions like falls from height, machine operation errors, or site disorganization, VR enables trainees to practice safety protocols in a safe, controlled setting.

Advantages of VR in Safety Training

The most cited benefit of VR training is the high level of immersion it provides. This contributes to improved memorization, stronger behavioral anchoring, and better engagement from learners. Key advantages include:

• Realistic, risk-free training situations

• Repeatable and scalable sessions

• Greater learner autonomy

• Reduced need for on-site logistics

• Easier inclusion of rare, critical, or complex scenarios
  
  

Studies (e.g., Sacks et al., 2013) have shown that VR-based safety training can significantly improve performance and retention compared to traditional formats. Furthermore, the feedback and data collected during simulations can help evaluate each participant's progress and adapt future sessions accordingly.

Limitations and Challenges

Despite its promises, VR training also comes with limitations. Cost remains a primary concern: development of content, purchase of VR headsets, and maintenance can be expensive for small and medium-sized companies. Additionally, not all learners are comfortable with immersive technology—some may experience motion sickness or find the interface unintuitive.

Moreover, while VR provides a compelling approximation of the field, it does not replicate the full sensory and social dimensions of real construction environments—such as noise, weather, or coordination with team members. It is thus best used as a complement rather than a full replacement.

Integration with Blended Learning and Games

In the context of increasing digital adoption, many training programs combine VR with other learning formats, such as e-learning platforms, video tutorials, or serious games. For instance, the Petocask game has shown promising results among young apprentices, with over 80% retention of safety knowledge. This suggests that hybrid approaches combining VR with other pedagogical innovations may offer the most effective outcomes.

Conclusion and Future Perspectives

The implementation of Virtual Reality in safety training for the construction industry represents a significant advancement. It aligns with the sector’s growing need for dynamic, flexible, and engaging educational tools that respond to evolving risks and workforce expectations.

While cost, accessibility, and user experience must still be optimized, VR's capacity to enhance risk perception, decision-making, and procedural knowledge is undeniable. Future developments may include the integration of artificial intelligence to personalize learning paths, or the use of multi-user VR environments to simulate team coordination. As more case studies emerge and as the technology becomes more affordable, Virtual Reality could become a cornerstone of safety culture in construction.

Ultimately, blending traditional expertise with technological innovation will be key to building a safer and more resilient construction workforce.