Synthesis of tubular MXenes with carbon fiber template and use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries

ABSTRACT: Shaping the morphology of 2D materials is essential for tuning their properties. This is especially true for MXenes, a class of 2D materials, as fine morphological control is the key to unlocking their potential. Here, Ti₃C₂T_x MXene is synthesized using carbon fibers as both the carbon source and template, creating a unique tubular morphology where the MXene layers align along the tube. The tubular Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and corresponding precursor MAX phase are synthesized by molten salts shielded synthesis method in air. Comprehensive characterization confirms that the MXene retains the tubular structure conferred by the carbon fiber. Preliminary electrochemical measurements as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries show an initial discharge capacity and good rate performance at a high current density, indicating potential for high-power applications. Furthermore, this tubular morphology opens new possibilities for MXenes in gas sensing, liquid filtration processes, and other applications that require fast diffusion.