Image-based abuse in Indian films and web series

A compilation of Indian films and web series that depict image-based abuse (IBA) -- the capture, publishing or distribution of nude, partially nude or sexually explicit images (photos and videos) without the consent of one or more persons in the frame. This includes real images, digitally altered ones, as well as AI-generated ones. 

• “Indian films and web series” as defined in this document refers to films and web series set in India. If the work is not set in India, then it largely depicts Indians or an Indian social or cultural setting outside India. 
• All remakes of a film, for example, #11 (Papanasam), in different languages, are listed as a single row.
• Web series are mentioned as such; the rest are films.

This list is used to demonstrate that even though IBA is illegal in theory, it is not perceived as a serious sexual crime. It is tacitly accepted as a reality of everyday life that is so commonplace that over the years it has constituted a plot point of many works of cinema. 

This list includes the contents of two of my previously published works listed in the attached PDF. 

Please note that this is a living document and will be updated periodically. Hence, refer to the latest version of the record. 

Data is provided AS-IS, without warranty as to accuracy or completeness.

All uses of the accompanying data and modifications and derivatives thereof must contain the following attribution: "Data provided by Rohini Lakshané (2015-2025)"

This document is a part of the project "Crying shame."

Crowdsourcing request:

I first created this list in 2015. I have been updating it since. Please suggest additions to the list in this Google Doc: https://docs.google.com/document/d/11CDkj5fqkdYDmFw0pUEzCqtYT5O0whub2BR6_OYHGG4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.bxrli6o8mqt8 

If you want to be credited for your suggestions, do mention so, either in the Google Doc or by privately contacting me. 

If you want to contribute but don't want to access or edit the Google Doc, email or text me your contribution.